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Microvascular responses in association with recent and chronic exposure to particulate air pollution in school children
Archives of Public Health volume 73, Article number: P18 (2015)
Background and aims
Microvascular changes may represent an underlying mechanism through which particulate matter (PM) exposure contributes to cardiovascular disease development. We investigated the effect of both recent and chronic exposure to PM on the microcirculation, exemplified by retinal vessel calibers, in a panel of healthy children.
Methods
225 children (49% girls; mean age 9.9 years) were recruited at two primary schools in Belgium. Participating children were examined three times at school over the course of the school year, during which the fundus of both eyes was photographed. The caliber of the retinal blood vessels was summarized as the central retinal arteriolar/venular equivalent (CRAE/CRVE). Recent exposure to PM2.5 was measured at the school prior to the examination. Residential proximity to major roads was used as a proxy for chronic exposure. The effect of recent and chronic exposure to PM on retinal vessel caliber was estimated using mixed models, while adjusting for gender, age, BMI, blood pressure, heart rate, birth weight, time and day of examination, mother's education and passive smoking.
Results
Each doubling in recent exposure to PM2.5 was associated with a 0.51 (95% CI: 0.17 to 0.86; p=0.0035) narrowing of the retinal arteriolar caliber (CRAE), while venular caliber (CRVE) widened 0.55 (95% CI: 0.06 to 1.04; p=0.029). Children living twice as close to a major road had 0.84 (95% CI: -0.0044 to 1.68; p=0.051) narrower arterioles.
Conclusions
We show that vessel calibers of the retinal microcirculation of healthy children aged 8 to 12 years respond to recent PM exposure. Additionally, children living closer to major roads showed smaller calibers of their arterioles. Since changes in the microcirculation have been associated with cardiovascular disease development, these results suggest that the microcirculation is a pathophysiological target for air pollution from a young age onwards.
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
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Provost, E., Saenen, N., Kicinski, M. et al. Microvascular responses in association with recent and chronic exposure to particulate air pollution in school children. Arch Public Health 73 (Suppl 1), P18 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1186/2049-3258-73-S1-P18
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2049-3258-73-S1-P18