Table 3 Cox proportional hazard model of the adjusted effect of NHIS membership on incidence of deaths among children under-five during the five years preceding the survey, Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2011, Ghana

NHIS membership

P = 0.15

P = 0.30

 No valid card/Valid card not seen

1

1

 Have valid card seen

0.81 [0.60, 1.08]

0.86 [0.64, 1.14]

Area of Residence

P = 0.17

 Urban

1

 Rural

1.22 [0.92, 1.61]

Mother’s Education

P = 0.01

P = 0.12

 None

1

1

 Primary

0.99 [0.71, 1.37]

0.98 [0.69, 1.39]

 Middle/JHS

0.76 [0.55, 1.05]

0.78 [0.55, 1.10]

 Secondary+

0.37 [0.20, 0.69]

0.46 [0.21, 0.99]

Wealth Index Quintile

P = 0.11

P = 0.56

 Poorest

1

1

 Second

1.09 [0.78, 1.51]

1.17 [0.83, 1.63]

 Middle

0.90 [0.63, 1.28]

1.01 [0.70, 1.46]

 Fourth

1.05 [0.70, 1.57]

1.24 [0.80, 1.92]

 Richest

1.52 [0.30, 0.89]

0.77 [0.40, 1.48]

Sex of Child

P < 0.01

P < 0.01

 Male

1

1

 Female

0.64 [0.50, 0.84]

0.65 [0.51, 0.85]

Mother’s age at birth (Years)

P = 0.29

 Less than 20

1

 20–34

0.76 [0.52, 1.12]

 35–49

0.91 [0.61, 1.36]