Variable | Bivariate | Multivariate | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Crude OR (95% CI) | P-value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P-value | |
Age of respondent (in years) | ||||
≤19 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
20–29 | 0.73 (0.32–1.65) | 0.445 | 0.40 (0.13–1.19) | 0.098 |
30–39 | 0.66 (0.29–1.50) | 0.319 | 0.69 (0.19–2.54) | 0.580 |
40–49 | 0.25 (0.07–0.99) | 0.048 | 0.15 (0.05–0.87) | 0.035 |
> = 50 | “-”a | “-”a | ||
Child’s relation to respondent | ||||
Mother | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
Not mother | 0.94(0.39–2.29) | 0.894 | 0.69 (0.23–2.11) | 0.518 |
Number of children (parity) | ||||
1–2 children | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
> 2 children | 1.31(0.77–2.24) | 0.319 | 1.44 (0.59–3.51) | 0.419 |
Education | ||||
No formal education | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
Primary school | 0.67 (0.30–1.51) | 0.337 | 1.15 (0.37–3.52) | 0.813 |
JSS/Middle school | 1.07 (0.56–2.04) | 0.845 | 1.21 (0.46–3.20) | 0.698 |
Senior secondary school | “−”a | “−”a | ||
Tertiary education | “−”a | “−”a | ||
Marital status | ||||
Never married/single | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
Married | 0.66 (0.39–1.12) | 0.127 | 0.29(0.13–0.68) | 0.004 |
Ethnicity | ||||
Akan (main ethnic group) | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
Dagaarti | 1.26 (0.61–2.59) | 0.531 | 0.53 (0.17–1.68) | 0.282 |
Frafra | 2.52 (1.19–5.33) | 0.016 | 4.71 (1.46–15.18) | 0.010 |
Kusaasi | 0.45 (0.13–1.53) | 0.201 | 0.09 (0.02–0.51) | 0.006 |
Ewe | “−”a | “−”a | ||
Dagomba | 2.83 (1.22–6.59) | 0.016 | 1.75 (0.39–7.78) | 0.464 |
Other | “−”a | “−”a | ||
Religion | ||||
Islam | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
Christianity | 0.48 (0.27–0.84) | 0.010 | 0.17 (0.06–0.50) | 0.001 |
Traditional | “−”a | “−”a | ||
No religion | 1.08 (0.40–2.86) | 0.885 | 0.32 (0.06–1.69) | 0.180 |
Occupation | ||||
Farmer | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
Salary worker | “−”a | “−”a | ||
Petty trading | 1.03 (0.53–1.98) | 0.938 | 0.60 (0.24–1.54) | 0.290 |
Artisan | 1.08 (0.48–2.41) | 0.859 | 0.67 (0.23–2.01) | 0.480 |
Others | 1.11 (0.41–3.06) | 0.843 | 1.09 (0.32–3.65) | 0.890 |
Age of child | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
Age in months (12–23) | 1.05 (0.97–1.15) | 0.220 | 1.08 (0.96–1.20) | 0.177 |
Sex of child | ||||
Male | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
Female | 0.60 (0.35–1.02) | 0.058 | 0.39 (0.19–0.80) | 0.010 |
Possession of immunization card | ||||
Yes | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
No | 20.82 (7.50–57.82) | <0.001 | 84.43 (17.04–418.33) | <0.001 |