Fig. 1

Dashboard for the effect of school closures during the COVID pandemic on different components of wellbeing in different groups. The general effect of school closures on an indicator of wellbeing are represented by arrows: ▲ (increase), = (no effect) or ▼ (decrease). If conflicting results were found in literature, arrows in both directions are included in the dashboard. The color of the arrow represents whether the effect is favorable (green) or unfavorable (red). An exclamation mark is added to the effect in case there are important exceptions or interaction effects. The areas that are deemed irrelevant are greyed out in the dashboard. The quality label “Low” (= L) is assigned if only limited research is available on the topic, and/or the research is of low quality (for example, when no comparison with a relevant baseline observation is performed). The quality label “Moderate” (= M) is assigned if there is one or more studies with strong methodological features or multiple studies that are not of high quality themselves, but are in combination (complementary strengths). Finally, the quality label “High” (= H) is assigned if there are multiple convincing studies with similar results. In this dashboard, SES stands for socio-economic status, and WLB stands for work-life balance