Table 3 Multivariate Cox regression analysis for the relationship between blood lead levels with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality

All-cause mortality

 Continuous

1.46 ( 1.40, 1.52) < 0.001

1.25 ( 1.19, 1.30) < 0.001

1.23 ( 1.16, 1.30) < 0.001

 Lead quartiles

  Q1

1.0

1.0

1.0

  Q2

1.51 ( 1.21, 1.89) < 0.001

1.14 ( 0.93, 1.39) 0.22

1.21 ( 0.99, 1.48) 0.06

  Q3

1.94 ( 1.61, 2.33) < 0.001

1.21 ( 1.00, 1.46) 0.05

1.26 ( 1.05, 1.52) 0.01

  Q4

3.06 ( 2.61, 3.60) < 0.001

1.75 ( 1.47, 2.08) < 0.001

1.73 ( 1.43, 2.10) < 0.001

  p for trend

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Cardiovascular disease mortality

 Continuous

1.60 ( 1.48, 1.72) < 0.001

1.35 ( 1.24, 1.48) < 0.001

1.34 ( 1.21, 1.48) < 0.001

 Lead quartiles

  Q1

1.0

1.0

1.0

  Q2

1.59 ( 1.11, 2.26) 0.01

1.13 ( 0.80, 1.60) 0.47

1.22 ( 0.87, 1.72) 0.24

  Q3

2.20 ( 1.64, 2.96) < 0.001

1.26 ( 0.93, 1.72) 0.14

1.32 ( 0.95, 1.83) 0.09

  Q4

3.83 ( 2.91, 5.05) < 0.001

2.01 ( 1.51, 2.67) < 0.001

2.00 ( 1.47, 2.73) < 0.001

  p for trend

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.005