Table 1 General characteristics of included reviews

Total

54 (100)

Type of review

Qualitative evidence synthesis

25 (48.1)

[41,42,43, 45, 51,52,53,54,55, 57, 58, 60, 61, 63, 66, 68, 70, 71, 74, 80, 86, 89, 96, 97, 102]

Mixed-methods research synthesis

22 (40.7)

[44, 46,47,48,49,50, 56, 59, 62, 64, 65, 67, 69, 72, 73, 78, 82, 84, 87, 88, 91, 103].

Quantitative systematic review

7 (11.1)

[75,76,77, 81, 83, 85, 90].

Country (contacting author)

UK

14 (25.9)

[45, 46, 50, 52, 56, 61, 62, 64, 65, 71, 73, 85, 86, 89].

USA

8 (14.8)

[47, 51, 55, 69, 82, 84, 90, 97].

Australia

6 (11.1)

[58, 60, 72, 75, 77, 80].

Sweden

3 (5.6)

[43, 54, 66].

Canada

3 (5.6)

[44, 57, 70].

New Zealand

3 (5.6)

[41, 49, 102].

Iran

2 (3.7)

[67, 87].

Taiwan

2 (3.7)

[59, 63].

The Netherlands

2 (3.7)

[76, 91].

Denmark

2 (3.7)

[78, 81].

Other

9 (16.7)

[42, 48, 53, 68, 74, 83, 88, 96, 103].

Publication year

2006–2010

5 (9.3)

[44, 48, 54, 61, 76].

2011–2015

17 (31.5)

[45,46,47, 50, 51, 59, 63, 70, 72, 75, 80, 83,84,85, 87, 88, 90].

2016–2020

32 (59.3)

[42,42,43, 49, 52, 53, 55,56,57,58, 60, 62, 64,65,66,67,68,69, 71, 73, 77, 78, 81, 82, 86, 89, 91, 96, 97, 102, 103].

Number of included studies

5–20

30 (55.6)

[44, 48, 52, 54, 55, 59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66, 68,69,70, 72, 74, 75, 77, 78, 80, 81, 83, 85, 87, 89, 90, 97, 102].

21–40

18 (33.3)

[41, 43, 45, 49,50,51, 56, 58, 67, 71, 76, 82, 86, 88, 91, 96, 103].

42–120

6 (11.1)

[46, 47, 53, 57, 73, 84].

Population of interest

Only T2DM

38 (70.4)

[41,42,43, 45,46,47, 49, 52, 55,56,57,58,59,60, 62, 65,66,67,68,69,70,71, 74, 75, 77, 78, 80, 82,83,84, 86,87,88,89, 91, 96, 97, 102].

T1DM and T2DM

16 (29.6)

[44, 48, 50, 51, 53, 54, 61, 63, 64, 72, 73, 76, 81, 85, 90, 103].

Ethnic minorities in Western countries

8 (14.8)

[41, 46, 50, 61, 68,69,70,71].

Patients and informal caregivers

7 (13.0)

[42, 58, 60, 78, 82, 84, 89].

Phenomenon of interest

T2DM SM

39 (72.2)

[41, 42, 44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51, 53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60, 63, 64, 67, 69,70,71,72,73, 78, 81,82,83,84,85, 87,88,89,90, 96, 97].

Self-management interventions

8 (14.8)

[62, 68, 74,75,76,77, 102, 103].

T2DM

7 (11.1)

[43, 61, 65, 66, 80, 86, 91].

Quality assessment tool

CASP

18 (33.3)

[41, 49, 52, 53, 56, 58,59,60, 65, 66, 68, 70, 72,73,74, 78, 86, 96].

JBI-QARI

5 (9.3)

[51, 63, 67, 80, 97].

Other **

9 (16.7)

[49, 50, 55, 64, 69, 72, 76, 88, 103].

Not specific or adapted versions

11 (20.4)

[42, 44,45,46, 81, 85, 87, 89,90,91, 102].

Not assessed

12 (22.2)

[43, 47, 48, 54, 57, 61, 62, 71, 75, 77, 82, 84].