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Table 4 Decisional conflict, knowledge, indecisive attitudes toward NIPT, and interest in genetics pre-, post-intervention, and follow-up

From: Preconception education program for non-invasive prenatal testing focused on interest in genetics among female university students in Japan: a quasi-experimental study comparing pre-intervention, post-intervention, and three-month follow-up results

  

Time effect

P value

Two points’ comparison

(Post hoc)

p value

Decisional conflict

Pre

Post

Follow-up

Mean ± SD

67.7 ± 18.0

41.5 ± 17.0

45.3 ± 19.0

< 0.001 a)

Pre – post

Pre – follow-up

< 0.001 b)

< 0.001 b)

High decisional conflict (37.5<)

Pre

Post

Follow-up

n (%)

69 (94.5)

39 (53.4)

43 (58.9)

< 0.001c)

Pre – post

Pre – follow-up

< 0.001 d)

< 0.001 d)

Knowledge of genetics and prenatal testing

Pre

Post

Follow-up

Mean ± SD

78.6 ± 15.0

94.6 ± 5.6

90.6 ± 7.6

< 0.001a)

Pre – post

Pre – follow-up

< 0.001 b)

< 0.001 b)

Indecisive attitudes toward NIPT

Pre

Post

Follow-up

n (%)

15 (20.5)

5 (6.8)

4 (5.5)

< 0.005 c)

Pre – post

Pre – follow-up

0.034 d)

0.015 d)

High interest in genetics

Pre

Post

Follow-up

n (%)

1 (1.4)

64 (87.7)

47 (64.4)

< 0.001 c)

Pre – post

Pre – follow-up

< 0.001 d)

< 0.001 d)

  1. Note.a) Three-point comparison with repeated-measures ANOVA; b) Two-point comparison with repeated t-test adjusted using the Bonferroni correction; c) Three-point comparison with Cochran’s Q test; d) Two-point comparison with McNemar’s chi-squared test adjusted using the Bonferroni correction
  2. Total sample size is 73 pre-pregnant women
  3. NIPT: non-invasive prenatal testing; ANOVA: analysis of variance