Table 1 Results of subgroup Analysis for milk and dairy consumption and risk of asthma

All studies

13

0.82 (0.60–1.05)

87.1

< 0.001

Study design

Cohort

3

0.67 (0.26–1.08)

93.7

< 0.001

Case-control/cross-sectional

10

0.93 (0.63–1.24)

75.4

< 0.001

Location

Asian countries

3

2.24 (0.12–4.36)

90.9

< 0.001

Non-Asian countries

10

0.74 (0.51–0.96)

87.3

< 0.001

Sample size

< 1000

8

1.02 (0.48–1.57)

91.0

< 0.001

≥1000

5

0.86 (0.61–1.10)

78.3

< 0.001

Quality score

< 7

4

2.14 (0.44–3.83)

88.0

< 0.001

≥7

9

0.73 (0.50–0.95)

88.2

< 0.001

Adjustment factors

Gender

Yes

8

0.72 (0.43–1.02)

90.6

< 0.001

No

5

1.12 (0.63–1.62)

73.9

0.004

Age

Yes

4

1.33 (0.53–2.13)

84.4

< 0.001

No

9

0.71 (0.51–0.92)

68.0

0.002