Fig. 1

Subject-item maps of the WG-SS, ADL, and IADL items (two-category responses or one threshold: “some difficulty or more”). HSM survey. On the left of the diagram are the subjects, and on the right are the thresholds of each item (point on the continuum where the response category “some difficulty or more” is most likely to be chosen by a subject with the corresponding level of disability). Less disabled subjects are near the bottom of the diagram, and most disabled subjects are near the top. Abbreviations SE: Seeing, HE: Hearing, WD: Washing and dressing, WC: Walking or climbing steps, RC: Remembering or concentrating, CO: Communicating. FE: Feeding, TO: Toileting, DR: Dressing, BA: Bathing, TR: Transferring from bed or chair, WA: Walking. SH: Shopping, PM: Preparing meals, LH: Doing light housework, HH: Doing heavy housework, HF: Handling finances, UT: Using telephone