Racial disparity and regional variance in healthcare utilization among patients with lung cancer in US hospitals during 2016–2019

Table 3 Results of sample weighted linear regression: how race & region associated with healthcare utilization

	Hospital Charges		Length of Stay
	Est.	P	Est.	P
Race
White	Reference
Black	0.046	< 0.0001	0.056	< 0.0001
Hispanic	0.211	< 0.0001	0.030	0.001
Asian or Pacific Islander	0.123	< 0.0001	0.038	0.001
Native American	-0.127	0.016	0.019	0.600
Others	0.107	< 0.0001	0.055	< 0.0001
Region
Northeast	Reference
Midwest	-0.224	< 0.001	-0.056	< 0.001
South	-0.074	< 0.0001	0.001	0.9192
West	0.247	< 0.0001	-0.059	< 0.0001
Age	-0.008	< 0.0001	0.000	0.043
Sex
Female	Reference
Male	0.029	< 0.001	0.008	0.032
Median household income
76th to 100th percentile	Reference
26th to 50th percentile	-0.057	< 0.0001	0.045	< 0.0001
51st to 75th percentile	-0.046	< 0.0001	0.024	< 0.0001
0-25th percentile	-0.066	< 0.001	0.057	< 0.001
Primary payer
Private insurance	Reference
Medicaid	0.063	< 0.0001	0.106	< 0.0001
Medicare	0.173	< 0.001	0.057	< 0.001
Self-pay	-0.007	0.730	0.062	< 0.0001
No charge	0.067	0.267	0.062	0.208
Other	-0.463	< 0.0001	-0.088	< 0.0001
Severity of Illness
No/Minor comorbidity or complications	Reference
Moderate comorbidity or complications	0.063	< 0.0001	0.259	< 0.0001
Major comorbidity or complications	0.210	< 0.0001	0.558	< 0.0001
Extreme comorbidity or complications	0.681	< 0.0001	0.919	< 0.0001
Year	0.064	< 0.0001	-0.002	0.367
Surgery
No	Reference
Yes	0.793	< 0.001	0.305	< 0.001
Chemotherapy
No	Reference	< 0.0001	0.541	< 0.0001
Yes	0.577	< 0.001	0.541	< 0.001
Radiation
No	Reference
Yes	0.510	< 0.001	0.387	< 0.001

ISSN: 2049-3258