Table 2 Study characteristics and outcomes
From: Association of the androgens with COVID-19 prognostic outcomes: a systematic review
First author, year | Country | Study design | Sample size | Age, years | Population | BMI groups and number of cycles | Blood test index | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Çayan, 2020 | Turkey | prospective cohort study | 438 | (43–57) | COVID-19 male and female patients | divided into three groups according to asymptomatic, symptomatic IMU hospitalization, and ICU hospitalization. | TT, FSH, LH, prolactin, estrogen; biochemical indicators | ICU admission, and length of hospital stay |
Salciccia, 2020 | Italy | cohort study | 29 | (23–90) | COVID-19 male patients | Groups were assigned according to the need for invasive oxygen assistance. | Complete blood count; TT; biochemical indicators | Invasive oxygen assistance |
Camici, 2021 | Italy | case-control study | 48 | (18–65) | COVID-19 male patients | 24 patients with severe pneumonia in case group; mild COVID-19 in control group | Sex hormone on admission; Markers of systemic inflammation | Presence of hyperinflammatory syndrome; Percentage of damaged lung volume; Length of hospital stay; Time to swab clearance; Time to death |
Infante, 2021 | Italy | case-control study | 59 | (38–89) | COVID-19 male patients | two groups: survivors and non-survivors. | TT, estrogen progesterone, prolactin | ICU admission; coagulation and Sepsis; hospital mortality |
Karkin, 2021 | Turkey | prospective cohort study | 70 | (20-over 60) | COVID-19 male patients | divided according to the need for intensive care | TT | ICU admission |
Salciccia, 2021 | Italy | cohort study | 25 | (41–78) | COVID-19 male patients | stratified according to impaired TT levels at the moment of hospital admission | TT; complete blood count; biochemical indicators | Viral positivity durations |
Salonia, 2021 | Italy | case-control study | 567 | (49–66) | COVID-19 male patients; healthy men | divided into four groups according to the severity of COVID-19 | FSH, LH, TT, estrogen; biochemical indicators | ICU admission; death |
Schroeder, 2021 | Germany | retrospective cohort study | 92 | (58–82) | SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative patients | admitted to the Department of Intensive Care Medicine | TT | ARDS; mechanical ventilation; ICU stay |
van Zeggeren, 2021 | the Netherlands | case-control study | 40 | (63–78) | Amsterdam UMC COVID-19 Biobank patients | consisting of postmenopausal women and age-matched men, with a mortality of 50% in each group | estradiol; TT; SHBG | ICU admission; Invasive ventilation; Deceased |
Apaydin, 2022 | Turkey | cohort study | 81 | (22–60) | COVID-19 male patients | divided patients into low and normal testosterone groups | FSH; LH; SHBG; TT | Duration of hospitalization; ICU admission |
Cinislioglu, 2022 | Turkey | prospective cohort study | 450 | (25–91) | COVID-19 male patients; non-COVID-19 patients | divided into mild/moderate and severe groups | TT, FSH, LH | lung involvement; ICU admission; death |
Marinelli, 2022 | Italy | prospective, multicentric study | 35 | (58–74) | COVID-19 male patients | two groups: alive and dead | hormonal profile; inflammatory/biochemical profile | CPAP use; hospitalization time; in-hospital mortality rate |
Toscano‑Guerra, 2022 | Spain | retrospective cohort study | 497 | (56–71) | COVID-19 male and female patients | classified as mild, moderate, severe-survivor, and severe-deceased | TT; biochemical and hematological parameters | severity; death |
Vena, 2022 | Italy | cohort study | 221 | (26–93) | COVID-19 male patients | Subgroups by serum total testosterone values | TT | Respiratory outcomes; In‑hospital mortality |
Yeap, 2022 | Australia | prospective cohort study | 159,964 | (40–69) | community-dwelling adults | 5558 were infected with SARS-CoV-2, with 438 deaths from COVID-19 | TT; SHBG | Deaths related to COVID-19; |
Zheng, 2022 | China | cohort study | 61 | (37–74) | COVID-19 male patients | classified as ICU and non-ICU groups | TT; laboratory indicators | PSI; disease severity |