Table 3 Outcome of assessment of the quality of non-randomized studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale

Representativeness of the exposed

cohort

Selection of non-exposed cohort

Ascertainment

of exposure

Outcome not presented at the start

age

Most of

additional

factors

Assessment of outcome

Follow-up long enough

Adequacy of follow up

Total

score

Çayan,

2020

*

*

*

-

-

*

*

*

*

7/9

Salciccia, 2020

*

*

*

*

*

*

-

-

-

6/9

Karkin, 2021

*

*

*

-

-

*

*

*

-

6/9

Salciccia, 2021

*

*

*

-

*

*

-

*

-

6/9

Schroeder, 2021

*

*

*

-

*

*

*

*

*

8/9

Apaydin, 2022

*

*

*

*

*

*

-

*

*

8/9

Cinislioglu, 2022

*

*

*

*

*

*

-

*

*

8/9

Marinelli, 2022

*

*

*

-

*

*

*

*

-

7/9

Toscano

Guerra, 2022

*

*

*

-

-

*

*

*

-

6/9

Vena, 2022

*

*

*

*

-

*

-

*

*

7/9

Yeap, 2022

*

*

*

-

-

*

*

*

*

7/9

Zheng, 2022

*

*

*

-

-

*

-

-

-

4/9

case-control

Selection

Comparability

Outcome

Is the case definition adequate?

Representativeness of the cases

Selection of Controls

Definition of Controls

age

Most of

additional

factors

Assessment of outcome

Same method of ascertainment for cases and controls

Non-

Response rate

Total

score

Camici, 2021

*

*

*

*

*

*

-

*

*

8/9

Infante, 2021

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

-

8/9

Salonia, 2021

*

*

*

*

-

*

-

*

*

7/9

van Zeggeren, 2021

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

9/9