Table 1 Characteristics of the study population by year from 2016–2021, Canadian Community Health Survey

Study covariates

Sex

Male

49.2(13,982,631)

49.1(14,143,360)

49.2(14,342,784)

49.2(14,566,434)

49.3(14,730,741)

49.3(14,863,101)

Female

50.8(14,450,866)

50.8(14,607,147)

50.8(14,800,337)

50.8(15,013,916)

50.7(15,131,084)

50.7(15,267,580)

Age (years)

18–24

10.6(3,032,736)

10.4(3,023,819)

10.4(3,051,075)

10.6(3,124,033)

10.0(2,974,476)

10.0(3,015,742)

25–39

25.9(7,377,661)

26.3(7,577,991)

26.4(7,700,309)

25.8(7,660,382)

26.6(7,945,372)

26.0(7,834,973)

40–59

35.3(10,003,809)

34.0(9,779,418)

33.5(9,783,677)

33.5(9,945,130)

32.3(9,672,041)

32.1(9,670,275)

60–79

24.2(6,881,727)

24.8(7,110,469)

25.1(7,337,848)

25.3(7,488,763)

26.4(7,873,095)

27.4(8,149,363)

80 & over

4.0(1,137,566)

4.3(1,258,811)

4.4(1,270,213)

4.9(1,360,940)

4.6(1,396,842)

4.8(1,460,329)

Education

Less than secondary

12.3(3,502,136)

11.3(3,254,160)

11.1(3,235,131)

10.7(3,155,008)

9.4(2,805,195)

9.0(2,722,930)

Secondary

24.3(6,911,214)

24.8(7,119,759)

23.6(68,887,981)

23.5(6,963,398)

22.8(6,794,006)

22.5(6,789,713)

Post Secondary

61.6(17,516,982)

62.1(17,862,430)

63.5(18,513,160)

64.2(19,003,874)

66.7(19,911,781)

67.6(20,373,311)

Not stated

1.8(503,166)

1.8(514,158)

1.7(506,850)

1.5(458,069)

1.2(350,844)

0.8(244,725)

Total household income ($)

≤ 19,999

7.3(2,085,959)

6.5(1,873,850)

6.2(1,814,736)

4.5(1,356,824)

3.6(1,103,556)

4.0(1,225,122)

20,000–59,999

28.3(8,053,212)

27.6(7,928,244)

27.7(8,086,953)

27.3(8,059,647)

25.0(9,431,206)

22.3(6,753,773)

60,000–99,000

25.1(5,324,323)

24.6(7,072,485)

23.7(6,916,846)

24.4(7,193,298)

24.4(7,270,556)

23.2(6,990,084)

≥ 100,000

39.2(11,143,201)

40.9(11,763,865)

42.3(12,324,585)

43.5(12,891,899)

46.6(13,907,214)

50.2(15,128,249)

Race and ethnicity

White Non-Hispanic

72.4(20,599,954)

73.0(20,993,125)

71.9(20,952,458)

71.1(21,040,806)

76.9(22,957,601)

74.5(22,441,757)

South Asian

4.2(1,206,146)

4.3(1,247,638)

5.2(1,513,333)

5.0(1,479,352)

5.4(1,601,574)

5.9(1,784,742)

Chinese

4.1(1,165,713)

4.0(1,138,562)

4.2(1,228,845)

4.3(1,278,590)

4.4(1,321,830)

4.8(1,449,321)

Black

2.4(673,691)

2.5(723,473)

2.6(756,425)

2.9(858,442)

3.0(894,214)

3.2(960,525)

Filipino

2.0(558,729)

2.2(645,979)

2.1(622,352)

1.9(567,908)

2.1(622,710)

2.4(728,253)

Latin American

1.3(365,697)

1.5(438,781)

1.2(362,570)

1.6(472,267)

1.2(368,267)

1.5(441,410)

Arab

1.3(355,550)

1.2(341,889)

1.3(381,322)

1.3(388,445)

1.7(509,738)

1.8(557,723)

Southeast Asian

1.1(325,453)

1.2(337,640)

0.9(273,913)

1.0(308,517)

1.2(350,437)

1.3(404,688)

West Asian

0.7(199,559)

0.5(153,391)

0.7(205,686)

0.6(187,912)

0.6(174,723)

0.7(203,690)

Korean

0.4(113,720)

0.5(138,511)

0.5(136,018)

0.3(86,025)

0.4(108,411)

0.4(121,054)

Japanese

0.2(67,263)

0.3(74,063)

0.3(77,700)

0.2(62,863)

0.3(86,658)

0.3(96,300)

Other Visible minority

1.4(386,739)

1.4(396,620)

1.7(486,981)

1.9(556,312)

0.2(73,837)

0.2(70,566)

Multiple visible minorities

2.0(561,396)

2.2(620,229)

1.9(571,383)

1.9(570,773)

0.5(162,548)

0.8(246,510)

Not stated

3.0(861,025)

1.7(494,331)

1.9(556,047)

2.5(734,108)

2.1(629,278)

2.1(624,141)

Valid skip

3.5(993,273)

3.5(1,006,273)

3.4(1,018,088)

3.3(988,028)

-

-

Study outcomes

Alzheimer’s and other dementias

Reported yes

0.6(176,461)

0.5(153,371)

0.5(136,049)

0.6(175,805)

0.4(131,721)

0.7(197,446)

Heart disease

Reported yes

5.1(1,438,398)

5.0(1,437,606)

4.6(1,348,708)

4.8(1,427,249)

5.2(1,541,138)

5.2(1,571,299)

Stroke

Reported yes

1.3(362,452)

1.4(388,822)

1.3(374,671)

1.3(398,512)

1.3(383,887)

1.2(366,493)