Table 1 Women’s characteristics for studying associations between blood heavy metal concentrations and historical infertility
Characteristics | Main group sample (ever-infertile vs fertile) | Sub-group sample (ever-infertile vs pregnant) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total Sample N (%) | Ever-infertile1 N (%) | Fertile2 N (%) | p-Value4 | Total Sample N (%) | Ever-infertile1 N (%) | Pregnant3 N (%) | p-Value4 | |
Total Women | 1999 | 238 (12.8) | 1761 (87.2) | 297 | 238 (81.6) | 59 (18.4) | ||
Age, mean ± SE (years) | 34 ± 0.23 | 37 ± 0.79 | 33 ± 0.22 | < .001 | 35 ± 0.71 | 37 ± 0.70 | 27 ± 0.58 | < .001 |
Race/Ethnicity | 0.85 | 0.26 | ||||||
Hispanic | 518 (18.2) | 62 (17.9) | 456 (18.2) | 78 (18.5) | 62 (17.9) | 16 (21.4) | ||
Non-Hispanic White | 697 (58.4) | 90 (60.5) | 607 (58.1) | 108 (57.8) | 90 (60.5) | 18 (45.8) | ||
Non-Hispanic Black | 426 (13.2) | 47 (13.0) | 379 (13.2) | 61 (14.4) | 47 (13.0) | 14 (20.4) | ||
Other Race Including Multi-Racial | 358 (10.2) | 39 (8.6) | 319 (10.5) | 50 (9.3) | 39 (8.6) | 11 (12.4) | ||
Education Level | 0.53 | 0.73 | ||||||
Less than High School | 297 (10.8) | 36 (11.7) | 261 (10.7) | 46 (15.5) | 36 (11.7) | 10 (14.1) | ||
High School | 397 (19.6) | 50 (22.1) | 347 (19.2) | 62 (20.9) | 50 (22.1) | 12 (17.1) | ||
More than High School | 1305 (69.6) | 152 (66.3) | 1153 (70.1) | 189 (63.6) | 152 (66.3) | 37 (68.8) | ||
Marital Status | < .001 | 0.59 | ||||||
Married / Living with Partner | 1173 (61.3) | 175 (78.1) | 998 (58.9) | 223 (78.6) | 175 (78.1) | 48 (80.6) | ||
Divorced / Widowed / Separated | 243 (10.3) | 29 (8.8) | 214 (10.5) | 31 (8.0) | 29 (8.8) | 2 (4.2) | ||
Never Married | 583 (28.4) | 34 (13.0) | 549 (30.6) | 43 (13.4) | 34 (13.0) | 9 (15.2) | ||
Poverty Income Ratio, mean ± SE | 2.770 ± 0.07 | 2.95 ± 0.14 | 2.75 ± 0.070 | 0.15 | 2.90 ± 0.14 | 2.95 ± 0.14 | 2.72 ± 0.23 | 0.52 |
Covered by Health Insurance | 0.33 | 0.03 | ||||||
Yes | 1601 (83.0) | 187 (80.7) | 1414 (83.3) | 239 (82.6) | 187 (80.7) | 52 (91.0) | ||
No | 398 (17.0) | 51 (19.3) | 347 (16.7) | 58 (17.4) | 51 (19.3) | 7 (9.0) | ||
Body Mass Index (kg/m**2) | 0.007 | 0.16 | ||||||
Underweight (< 18.5) | 39 (2.0) | 4 (1.2) | 35 (2.1) | 5 (1.2) | 4 (1.2) | 1 (1.4) | ||
Normal Weight (18.5–24.9) | 615 (32.1) | 64 (27.8) | 551 (32.7) | 78 (26.2) | 64 (27.8) | 14 (19.2) | ||
Overweight (25.0–29.9) | 471 (24.9) | 38 (18.5) | 433 (25.9) | 53 (21.1) | 38 (18.5) | 15 (32.4) | ||
Obese (> 30) | 874 (50.0) | 132 (52.5) | 742 (39.3) | 161 (51.5) | 132 (52.5) | 29 (47.0) | ||
Ever Smoked | 0.028 | 0.50 | ||||||
Yes | 613 (33.0) | 88 (40.5) | 525 (31.9) | 109 (39.3) | 88 (40.5) | 21 (34.1) | ||
No | 1386 (67.0) | 150 (59.5) | 1236 (68.1) | 188 (60.7) | 150 (59.5) | 38 (65.9) | ||
Ever taken hormone-based contraception? | 0.85 | 0.15 | ||||||
Yes | 1389 (75.7) | 170 (76.3) | 1219 (75.6) | 204 (74.3) | 170 (76.3) | 34 (65.1) | ||
No | 610 (24.3) | 68 (23.7) | 542 (24.4) | 93 (25.7) | 68 (23.7) | 25 (34.9) | ||
At least one period in past 12 months | 0.73 | n/a | ||||||
Yes | 1815 (89.8) | 222 (89.0) | 1593 (89.9) | 281 (91.0) | 222 (89.0) | 59 (100) | ||
No | 183 (10.2) | 16 (11.0) | 167 (10.1) | 16 (9.0) | 16 (11.0) | 0 (0) | ||
Seen a DR b/c unable to become pregnant? | < .001 | < .001 | ||||||
Yes | 166 (9.3) | 136 (60.3) | 30 (1.8) | 137 (49.5) | 136 (60.3) | 1 (1.9) | ||
No | 1833 (90.7) | 102 (39.7) | 1731 (98.2) | 160 (50.5) | 102 (39.7) | 58 (98.1) | ||