Skip to main content

Table 7 Associations between blood heavy metal concentrations and heavy metal mixture scores and women’s long-term amenorrhea

From: Associations between exposure to cadmium, lead, mercury and mixtures and women’s infertility and long-term amenorrhea

  

Full sample (Long-term amenorrheaa vs Menstruatingb n = 1919)

Characteristics

Total N (%) or Mean (SD)a

Long-term amenorrhea

n (%) or Mean (SD)

Crude OR (95% CI)

Model 1

Adj OR (95% CI)

Model 2

Fully Adj OR (95% CI)

Model 3

Lead

 Log Transformed

-0.53 (0.62)

-0.54 (0.56)

0.88 (0.53-1.46)

0.89 (0.53-1.50)

0.93 (0.54-1.59)

 Quartiles

  Q1 (\(\le\) 0.39)

460 (23.97%)

22 (1.15%)

Ref

Ref

Ref

   Q2 (0.40-0.55)

475 (24.75%)

27 (1.41%)

0.99 (0.41—2.35)

1.02 (0.42—2.50)

1.04 (0.42-2.54)

  Q3 (0.56-0.83)

504 (26.26%)

32 (1.67%)

1.03 (0.46-2.32)

1.03 (0.46-2.32)

1.06 (0.46-2.42)

  Q4 (> 0.83)

480 (25.01%)

22 (1.15%)

0.71 (0.31-1.61)

0.72 (0.31-1.68)

0.76 (0.31-1.85)

Cadmium

 Log Transformed

-1.16 (0.83)

-1.27 (0.94)

0.84 (0.58-1.22)

0.73 (0.48-1.09)

0.72 (0.49-1.08)

 Quartiles

  Q1 (\(\le\) 0.18)

455 (23.71%)

38 (1.98%)

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Q2 (0.18-0.28)

490 (25.53%)

23 (1.20%)

0.49 (0.26-0.91)*

0.47 (0.25-0.87)*

0.47 (0.25-0.87)*

  Q3 (0.29-0.51)

488 (25.43%)

16 (0.83%)

0.36 (0.16-0.82)*

0.31 (0.13-0.75)*

0.31 (0.13-0.76)*

  Q4 (> 0.51)

486 (25.33%)

26 (1.35%)

0.69 (0.34-1.38)

0.52 (0.23-1.20)

0.53 (0.24-1.21)

Mercury

 Log Transformed

-0.29 (0.98)

-0.38 (-1.61)

0.98 (0.84-1.15)

1.10 (0.92-1.32)

1.11 (0.91-1.36)

 Quartiles

  Q1 (\(\le\) 0.34)

471 (24.54%)

25 (1.30%)

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Q2 (0.35 – 0.68)

485 (25.27%)

30 (1.56%)

1.60 (0.82-3.13)

1.68 (0.83-3.42)

1.70 (0.84-3.44)

  Q3 (0.69 – 1.39)

480 (25.01%)

27 (1.41%)

1.60 (0.81-3.19)

1.87 (0.92-3.82)

1.87 (0.92-3.77)

  Q4 (> 1.39)

483 (25.17%)

21 (1.09%)

0.91 (0.53-1.56)

1.18 (0.65-2.14)

1.19 (0.63-2.25)

Weighted mixed metals

 Log Transformed

1.18 (0.60)

1.17 (0.56)

0.86 (0.51 -1.46)

0.86 (0.50-1.47)

0.82 (0.35 -1.93)

 Quartiles

  Q1 (\(\le\) 2.21)

479 (24.96%)

24 (1.25%)

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Q2 (2.21 – 3.10)

480 (25.01%)

25 (1.30%)

0.71 (0.31-1.63)

0.71 (0.30-1.67)

0.74 (0.29 -1.85)

  Q3 (3.10 –4.66)

480 (25.01%)

27 (1.41%)

0.86 (0.39 – 1.90)

0.86 (0.39-1.92)

0.93 (0.37-2.34)

  Q4 (> 4.66)

480 (25.01%)

27 (1.41%)

0.83 (0.40-1.74)

0.85 (0.39-1.84)

1.04 (0.42-2.58)

  1. *Statistically significant and corresponding p-value < 0.05
  2. Values are unweighted sample counts and percentages
  3. a ‘Long-term amenorrhea’ answered “no” to the question “Have you had at least one menstrual period in the past 12 months? (Please do not include bleedings caused by medical conditions, hormone therapy, or surgeries.)” AND answered “Other” or “Don’t know” to the question “What is the reason that you have not had a period in the past 12 months?”
  4. b ‘Menstruating’ if answered “Yes” to the question “Have you had at least one menstrual period in the past 12 months? (Please do not include bleedings caused by medical conditions, hormone therapy, or surgeries.)”
Back to article page

Archives of Public Health

ISSN: 2049-3258