The quality of care index for low back pain: a systematic analysis of the global burden of disease study 1990–2017

Ghafouri, Mohammad; Ghasemi, Erfan; Rostami, Mohsen; Rouhifard, Mahtab; Rezaei, Negar; Nasserinejad, Maryam; Danandeh, Khashayar; Nakhostin-Ansari, Amin; Ghanbari, Ali; Borghei, Alireza; Ahmadzadeh Amiri, Ali; Teymourzadeh, Azin; Taylor, Jeffrey B.; Moghadam, Navid; Kordi, Ramin

doi:10.1186/s13690-023-01183-3

Archives of Public Health

Table 2 A proxy of quality of care index in countries with different income levels and two age categories of 15–59 and over 60 in 1990 and 2017

From: The quality of care index for low back pain: a systematic analysis of the global burden of disease study 1990–2017

Location	Year	Age category	Sex	DALY/Prevalence Ratio	Prevalence/Incidence Ratio	Low back pain care index
Global	1990	Age-standardized	Both	0.11223	2.3657	36.44
Global	2017	Age-standardized	Both	0.11242	2.3416	35.20
High-income	1990	Age-standardized	Both	0.11307	2.3745	43.17
High-income	2017	Age-standardized	Both	0.11301	2.3635	41.57
Upper-middle-income	1990	Age-standardized	Both	0.11241	2.3534	36.37
Upper-middle-income	2017	Age-standardized	Both	0.11278	2.3249	36.00
Lower-middle-income	1990	Age-standardized	Both	0.11117	2.3526	27.74
Lower-middle-income	2017	Age-standardized	Both	0.11170	2.3330	29.36
Low-income	1990	Age-standardized	Both	0.11058	2.3274	20.99
Low-income	2017	Age-standardized	Both	0.11150	2.3325	27.89
High-income	1990	15–59	Both	0.11478	2.3848	44.48
High-income	2017	15–59	Both	0.11478	2.3742	43.43
Upper-middle-income	1990	15–59	Both	0.11485	2.3476	41.34
Upper-middle-income	2017	15–59	Both	0.11507	2.3453	42.87
Lower-middle-income	1990	15–59	Both	0.11371	2.3399	31.51
Lower-middle-income	2017	15–59	Both	0.11423	2.3286	34.53
Low-income	1990	15–59	Both	0.11309	2.3019	22.76
Low-income	2017	15–59	Both	0.11392	2.3065	29.87
High-income	1990	Over 60	Both	0.10342	2.6856	34.09
High-income	2017	Over 60	Both	0.10342	2.6640	32.65
Upper-middle-income	1990	Over 60	Both	0.10208	2.6888	44.07
Upper-middle-income	2017	Over 60	Both	0.10257	2.5895	34.04
Lower-middle-income	1990	Over 60	Both	0.10068	2.6852	54.13
Lower-middle-income	2017	Over 60	Both	0.10113	2.6431	48.11
Low-income	1990	Over 60	Both	0.10087	2.6504	50.44
Low-income	2017	Over 60	Both	0.10181	2.6711	44.91

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