Table 2 Evolution of psychological distress (GHQ-12 score) in five ethnic groups in Belgium from 1997 to 2018, with average marginal effect controlled for age, sex, and education

Belgium

1.65 (1.58;1.72)

1.35 (1.29;1.41)

1.34 (1.28;1.40)

1.49 (1.42;1.56)

1.81 (1.74;1.81)

1.87 (1.77;1.97)

Ref

Morocco

1.61 (1.25;1.97)

1.44 (0.99;1.89)

1.41 (0.97;1.84)

1.42 (0.99;1.86)

3.19 (2.78;3.61)

2.50 (2.10;2.91)

17.75 (< 0.001)

Turkey

1.39 (1.69;2.09)

1.86 (1.21;2.51)

1.50 (1.20;2.20)

1.11 (0.37;1.85)

2.93 (2.12;3.74)

2.49 (1.81;3.17)

4.19 (0.04)

EU migrants

1.70 (1.51;1.88)

1.23 (1.04;1.42)

1.50 (1.02;1.69)

1.51 (1.32;1.71)

1.62 (1.41;1.84)

1.80 (1.60;1.99)

1.06 (0.30)

Non-EU migrants

1.85 (1.46;2.23)

1.42 (1.05;1.79)

1.52 (1.08;1.87)

1.64 (1.30;1.98)

2.38 (2.06;2.71)

1.75 (1.48;2.02)

0.06 (0.80)

MID^c

0.85

0.77

0.77

0.81

0.90

0.89