Table 2 Multiple linear regression analysis for the relationship between lean body mass, visceral fat mass and lean body mass to visceral fat ratio with bone mineral density in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2018

Total lean mass

Per-SD increase

0.050 (0.048, 0.052)

< 0.001

0.218

0.047 (0.045, 0.049)

< 0.001

0.252

0.078 (0.074, 0.082)

< 0.001

0.302

Q1

Reference

Reference

Reference

Q2

0.048 (0.043, 0.053)

< 0.001

0.200

0.043 (0.037, 0.048)

< 0.001

0.235

0.050 (0.044, 0.056)

< 0.001

0.269

Q3

0.081 (0.076, 0.086)

< 0.001

0.071 (0.065, 0.077)

< 0.001

0.086 (0.079, 0.094)

< 0.001

Q4

0.129 (0.124, 0.134)

< 0.001

0.117 (0.111, 0.124)

< 0.001

0.138 (0.129, 0.148)

< 0.001

P for trend

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

Visceral fat mass

Per-SD increase

-0.001 (-0.003, 0.000)

0.128

0.001

-0.001 (-0.003, 0.001)

0.377

0.149

-0.027 (-0.030, -0.024)

< 0.001

0.237

Q1

Reference

Reference

Reference

Q2

0.005 (-0.001, 0.010)

0.099

0.002

0.002 (-0.004, 0.007)

0.552

0.150

-0.021 (-0.026, -0.015)

< 0.001

0.234

Q3

0.007 (0.002, 0.013)

0.011

0.007 (0.002, 0.013)

0.013

-0.032 (-0.038, -0.025)

< 0.001

Q4

-0.005 (-0.011, 0.000)

0.062

-0.004 (-0.010, 0.002)

0.203

-0.065 (-0.072, -0.057)

< 0.001

P for trend

< 0.001

0.151

< 0.001

LogLM/VFM

Per-SD increase

0.022 (0.020, 0.024)

< 0.001

0.041

0.016 (0.014, 0.018)

< 0.001

0.164

0.034 (0.032, 0.037)

< 0.001

0.260

Q1

Reference

Reference

Reference

Q2

0.038 (0.032, 0.043)

< 0.001

0.046

0.025 (0.020, 0.030)

< 0.001

0.163

0.036 (0.032, 0.042)

< 0.001

0.253

Q3

0.049 (0.044, 0.054)

< 0.001

0.032 (0.027, 0.038)

< 0.001

0.056 (0.050, 0.062)

< 0.001

Q4

0.060 (0.054, 0.065)

< 0.001

0.041 (0.035, 0.047)

< 0.001

0.084 (0.076, 0.091)

< 0.001

P for trend

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001