Table 3 The subgroup analysis of the associations between lean body mass, visceral fat mass and lean body mass to visceral fat ratio with bone mineral density in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2018

Total lean mass

Stratified by gender

 Male

0.086 (0.081, 0.092) ^a

Reference

0.057 (0.040, 0.075) ^a

0.097 (0.080, 0.115) ^a

0.153 (0.134, 0.171) ^a

 Female

0.082 (0.076, 0.089) ^a

Reference

0.054 (0.048, 0.061) ^a

0.091 (0.080, 0.101)^a

0.108 (0.092, 0.124) ^a

Stratified by age

 <50

0.079 (0.075, 0.084) ^a

Reference

0.050 (0.044, 0.056) ^a

0.087 (0.079, 0.095) ^a

0.139 (0.129, 0.150) ^a

 ≥50

0.074 (0.065, 0.084) ^a

Reference

0.052 (0.039, 0.066) ^a

0.080 (0.063, 0.098) ^a

0.133 (0.111, 0.156) ^a

BMI

 <25

0.091 (0.083, 0.098) ^a

Reference

0.056 (0.046, 0.066) ^a

0.099 (0.087, 0.112) ^a

0.153 (0.133, 0.173) ^a

 25–30

0.082 (0.074, 0.089) ^a

Reference

0.052 (0.042, 0.062) ^a

0.094 (0.079, 0.109) ^a

0.145 (0.129, 0.162) ^a

 ≥30

0.044 (0.039, 0.049) ^a

Reference

0.040 (0.026, 0.055) ^a

0.064 (0.048, 0.079) ^a

0.107 (0.090, 0.124) ^a

Stratified by hypertension

 Yes

0.077 (0.068, 0.085) ^a

Reference

0.053 (0.038, 0.067) ^a

0.083 (0.067, 0.100) ^a

0.131 (0.110, 0.152) ^a

 No

0.082 (0.077, 0.086) ^a

Reference

0.053 (0.047, 0.060) ^a

0.092 (0.084, 0.101) ^a

0.146 (0.135, 0.156) ^a

Stratified by diabetes

 Yes

0.068 (0.056, 0.081) ^a

Reference

0.065 (0.043, 0.087) ^a

0.095 (0.070, 0.120) ^a

0.135 (0.104, 0.167) ^a

 No

0.083 (0.078, 0.087) ^a

Reference

0.051 (0.045, 0.058) ^a

0.089 (0.081, 0.097) ^a

0.143 (0.133, 0.154) ^a

Visceral fat mass

Stratified by gender

 Male

-0.036 (-0.040, -0.031) ^a

Reference

-0.025 (-0.033, -0.017) ^a

-0.042 (-0.052, -0.032) ^a

-0.082 (-0.094, -0.070) ^a

 Female

-0.022 (-0.026, -0.017) ^a

Reference

-0.014 (-0.022, -0.007) ^a

-0.025 (-0.033, -0.016) ^a

-0.048 (-0.059, -0.037) ^a

Stratified by age

 <50

-0.029 (-0.032, -0.025) ^a

Reference

-0.019 (-0.025, -0.013) ^a

-0.030 (-0.037, -0.023) ^a

-0.064 (-0.072, -0.055) ^c

 ≥50

-0.022 (-0.028, -0.016) ^a

Reference

-0.021 (-0.039, -0.003) ^a

-0.031 (-0.049, -0.013) ^a

-0.054 (-0.073, -0.035) ^a

BMI

 <25

-0.030 (-0.038, -0.022) ^a

Reference

-0.015 (-0.022, -0.007) ^a

-0.034 (-0.046, -0.023) ^a

-0.075 (-0.098, -0.052) ^a

 25–30

-0.036 (-0.043, -0.030) ^a

Reference

-0.031 (-0.042, -0.019) ^a

-0.050 (-0.062, -0.038) ^a

-0.082 (-0.097, -0.068) ^a

 ≥30

-0.017 (-0.020, -0.013) ^a

Reference

-0.030 (-0.048, -0.012) ^c

-0.035 (-0.052, -0.017) ^a

-0.059 (-0.077, -0.041) ^a

Stratified by hypertension

 Yes

-0.019 (-0.024, -0.014) ^a

Reference

-0.014 (-0.031, 0.003)

-0.022 (-0.039, -0.005) ^c

-0.045 (-0.064, -0.026) ^a

 No

-0.034 (-0.037, -0.030) ^a

Reference

-0.022 (-0.028, -0.016) ^a

-0.037 (-0.044, -0.030) ^a

-0.072 (-0.081, -0.063) ^a

Stratified by diabetes

 Yes

-0.005 (-0.012, 0.002)

Reference

0.021 (-0.017, 0.058)

0.014 (-0.022, 0.049)

0.011 (-0.026, 0.047)

 No

-0.032 (-0.035, -0.028) ^a

Reference

-0.023 (-0.029, -0.018) ^a

-0.036 (-0.043, -0.029) ^a

-0.072 (-0.081, -0.064) ^a

LogLM/VFM

Stratified by gender

 Male

0.053 (0.049, 0.058) ^a

Reference

0.046 (0.038, 0.054) ^a

0.077 (0.068, 0.085) ^a

0.112 (0.102, 0.123) ^a

 Female

0.024 (0.021, 0.027) ^a

Reference

0.030 (0.023, 0.037) ^a

0.039 (0.032, 0.047) ^a

0.062 (0.053, 0.071) ^a

Stratified by age

 <50

0.030 (0.028, 0.033) ^a

Reference

0.029 (0.024, 0.035) ^a

0.050 (0.044, 0.056) ^a

0.077 (0.069, 0.084) ^a

 ≥50

0.035 (0.029, 0.041) ^a

Reference

0.042 (0.031, 0.052)

0.051 (0.038, 0.064) ^a

0.073 (0.055, 0.092) ^a

BMI

 <25

0.026 (0.022, 0.030) ^a

Reference

0.029 (0.014, 0.044) ^a

0.048 (0.033, 0.062) ^a

0.076 (0.060, 0.091) ^a

 25–30

0.045 (0.040, 0.050) ^a

Reference

0.047 (0.038, 0.056) ^a

0.067 (0.058, 0.077) ^a

0.101 (0.088, 0.114) ^a

 ≥30

0.041 (0.036, 0.046) ^a

Reference

0.032 (0.024, 0.040) ^a

0.055 (0.046, 0.065) ^a

0.089 (0.074, 0.103) ^a

Stratified by hypertension

 Yes

0.036 (0.030, 0.042) ^a

Reference

0.045 (0.035, 0.055) ^a

0.058 (0.046, 0.071) ^a

0.077 (0.060, 0.094) ^a

 No

0.034 (0.031, 0.037) ^a

Reference

0.032 (0.026, 0.038) ^a

0.055 (0.048, 0.061) ^a

0.084 (0.077, 0.092) ^a

Stratified by diabetes

 Yes

0.022 (0.012, 0.032) ^a

Reference

0.018 (0.003, 0.034) ^c

0.030 (0.008, 0.051) ^b

0.019 (-0.014, 0.053)

 No

0.036 (0.033, 0.039) ^a

Reference

0.040 (0.034, 0.045) ^a

0.060 (0.054, 0.066) ^a

0.090 (0.083, 0.098) ^a