Table 1 The characteristics of included studies for meta-analysis from 2010 to 2023
Studies | Participants | Intervention | Outcome indicator | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N (Int./con.) | Age, gender | Countries | Disorders | Measures | Cycle (week) | Frequency (times/week) | Duration (min/time) | |||
Dovis 2015 [36] | 61 (31/30) | 8–12, 80% male | Netherlands | ADHD | The experimental group: A specific genre of exergaming for “Brain game Brian” (BGB). The control group: Exergaming without working memory engagement. | 5 | / | 35–50 | Cognitive flexibility: TMT Inhibition control: Stop task. Working memory: CBTT | |
Flynn 2018 [39] | 76 (35/41) | 7–12, 49% male | USA | Normal | The experimental group: A specific genre of exergaming for Nintendo dance game “Hottest Door Party 2”. The control group: Non-exergaming. | 1 | 1 | 60 | Cognitive flexibility: Flanker task Inhibition control: flanking fish Working memory: Rule shift test | |
Benzing 2018 [38] | 46 (24/22) | 8–12, 82% male | Switzerland | ADHD | The experimental group: A specific genre of exergaming for XBOX Kinect “Shape Up”. The control group: Non-exergaming. | 1 | 1 | 15 | Cognitive flexibility: Flanker task Inhibition control: Simon task Working memory: CSBT | |
Benzing 2019 [35] | 44 (22/22) | 8–12, 82% male | Switzerland | ADHD | The experimental group: A specific genre of exergaming for XBOX Kinect “Shape Up”. The control group: non-exergaming. | 8 | 3 | ≥ 30 | Cognitive flexibility: Flanker task Inhibition control: Simon task Working memory: CSBT | |
Xiong 2019 [21] | 60 (30/30) | 4–5, 50% male | China | Normal | The experimental group: Any genre of exergaming for Wii sports. The control group: Traditional physical activity. | 8 | 5 | 20 | Cognitive flexibility: DCCS | |
Gao 2019 [20] | 32 (18/14) | 4–6, 50% male | USA | Normal | The experimental group: Exergaming of Leap TV (dance and PE). The control group: Non-exergaming. | 12 | 5 | 30 | Cognitive flexibility: DCCS | |
Fronza 2020 [40] | 48 (25/23) | 8–10, 50% male | USA | Normal | The experimental group: Exergaming 1 (Athletics and football) exergaming2 (Skiing, tennis and darts). The control group: Non-exergaming. | 9 | 2 | 20–30 | Cognitive flexibility: Track test part | |
Rafiei Milajerdi 2021 [37] | 37 (17/20) | 6–10, 83% male | Iran | ASD | The experimental group: A specific genre of exergaming for XBOX Kinect tennis. The control group: Non-exergaming. | 8 | 3 | 35 | Cognitive flexibility: WCST | |
Liu 2022 [41] | 48 (24/24) | 4–5, 48% male | China | Normal | The experimental group: Exergaming of Just Dance. The control group: Non-exergaming. | 4 | 5 | 30 | cognitive flexibility: DCCS inhibition control: Go/No-Go task. working memory: Mr. Ant task | |
Chang 2022 [42] | 32 (16/16) | 6–13, 81% male | China | ADHD | The experimental group: Exergaming of Wii sports. The control group: Non-exergaming. | 12 | 3 | 60 | cognitive flexibility: WCST Inhibition control: Stroop task | |
Nekar 2022 [43] | 24 (12/12) | 6–18, 92% male | Korea | ASD | The experimental group: A specific genre of exergaming for UINCARE. The control group: Non-exergaming. | 4 | 2 | 15 | Cognitive flexibility: WCST Inhibition control: Stroop task | |