Changes in emergency department visits and mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective analysis of 956 hospitals

Table 2 Non-COVID-19 incidence rate of emergency department visits (per million person-month) and Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) of COVID-19 pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic baseline

Time periods	Pre-pandemic (Sep 2019-Feb 2020)	First Wave (Feb 2020-Apr 2020)					Post-pandemic (Sep 2020-Feb 2021)					Post-vaccination (Sep 2021-Feb 2022)
Time periods	Incidence Rate (Reference)	Incidence Rate	IRR	Confidence Interval		p-value	Incidence Rate	IRR	Confidence Interval		p-value	Incidence Rate	IRR	Confidence Interval		p-value
Total	2766.86	1884.44	0.68	0.56	0.84	0.00	2030.98	0.73	0.63	0.86	0.00	3080.85	1.11	0.96	1.30	0.17
< 18	1650.59	925.28	0.56	0.40	0.79	0.00	969.65	0.59	0.46	0.76	0.00	1503.16	0.91	0.72	1.15	0.44
18–44	1975.47	1480.05	0.75	0.62	0.91	0.00	1478.95	0.75	0.66	0.84	0.00	2308.32	1.17	1.05	1.30	0.01
45–64	3763.01	2631.29	0.70	0.56	0.88	0.00	2952.14	0.78	0.68	0.90	0.00	4584.31	1.22	1.07	1.39	0.00
< 64	9203.31	5850.50	0.64	0.51	0.79	0.00	6556.12	0.71	0.64	0.80	0.00	9201.48	1.00	0.90	1.11	1.00
Gender
Female	2804.95	1833.49	0.65	0.47	0.92	0.01	2016.70	0.72	0.55	0.93	0.01	3111.51	1.11	0.86	1.43	0.43
Male	2730.94	1932.56	0.71	0.56	0.89	0.00	2044.48	0.75	0.64	0.88	0.00	3051.88	1.12	0.95	1.32	0.18
Health Conditions
Cardiovascular diseases	167.59	117.52	0.70	0.35	1.41	0.32	140.19	0.89	0.53	1.50	0.67	168.17	1.11	0.67	1.84	0.68
Mental and substance use disorders	8.18	4.57	0.53	0.32	0.90	0.02	4.75	0.64	0.43	0.97	0.04	9.41	1.27	0.86	1.88	0.23
Unintentional Injuries	10.19	11.49	1.14	0.82	1.57	0.44	10.47	1.08	0.84	1.38	0.57	16.65	1.63	1.30	2.03	0.00
Self-Harm	0.92	1.11	1.16	0.55	2.46	0.70	1.28	1.24	0.74	2.08	0.41	1.44	1.59	0.94	2.70	0.09

ISSN: 2049-3258