Fig. 2

The overall effect of heavy metals on frailty estimated by BKMR models (A). Associations of urinary heavy metals with frailty risk when other all heavy metals were held at their corresponding 25th (red), 50th (green) or 75th (blue) percentile, respectively (B). Models were adjusted for age, sex, race, family income-poverty ratio, education, smoking status, alcohol intake, serum cotinine concentration, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, physical activity and eGFR