Adherence influencing factors – a systematic review of systematic reviews

Mathes, Tim; Jaschinski, Thomas; Pieper, Dawid

doi:10.1186/2049-3258-72-37

Archives of Public Health

Table 3 Evidence synthesis

From: Adherence influencing factors – a systematic review of systematic reviews

Factor	Relationship
Factor	Indication/therapy	Effect direction	Evidence for effect
*Social and economic*
Education	Chronic pain	O	+
	Parkinson	↑	O
	Heart failure*	O	O
	Oral cancer therapy	↑	O
Employed	Inflammatory arthritis	O	+
Ethnic status	Parkinson	Ethnic minorities < others	+
	Inflammatory arthritis	White > others	+
	Oral cancer therapy	Non-white > others	O
Financial status/income	Parkinson	↑	-
	Heart failure*	O	- -
	Oral cancer therapy	↑	O
Married/not living alone	Parkinson	↑	-
	Oral cancer therapy	↕	O
Social support	Heart failure*	↕	O
	Inflammatory arthritis	↑	O
*Therapy related*
Duration of therapy	Oral cancer therapy	↓	O
Frequency of intake	Parkinson	↓	O
	Heart failure*	O	- -
	Inflammatory arthritis	O	- -
Number of pills taken per day	Heart failure*	O	O
Different medications	Chronic pain	↕	O
	Parkinson	↓	O
	Inflammatory arthritis	↓	O
	Oral cancer therapy	↓	O
	Heart failure*	O	+
Taking medication at meals	Oral cancer therapy	↑	O
*Disease related*
Duration of disease	Chronic pain	O	- -
	Inflammatory arthritis	↓	-
	Oral cancer therapy	↓	O
*Patient related*
Age	Chronic pain	↑	O
	Parkinson	↑	+
	Heart failure*	↑	+
		35-56 > others	+
	Inflammatory arthritis	↑	O
		55-64 > others	+
	Hemophilia	↑	O
	Oral cancer therapy	↕	O
Comorbidity (not specified)	Inflammatory arthritis	↑	O
Comorbidity (physical)	Heart failure*	↕	O
Comorbidity (mental)	Parkinson	↓	O
	Heart failure*	↓	+
Gender (female)	Chronic pain	↑	+
	Heart failure*	↕	O
	Oral cancer therapy	↕	O
*Health care system factors*
Co-payments	Inflammatory arthritis	↓	+
	Not restricted	↓	++
	Oral cancer therapy	↓	O
Medication costs	Inflammatory arthritis	↓	+
	Oral cancer therapy	↓	O

Effect direction.
↑: positive (all studies showed a positive effect on adherence); ↓: negative (all studies showed a negative effect on adherence); ↕: heterogenic (i.e. at least one study showed a contrary effect direction); O: unclear reported/ not reported.
Evidence for effect.
++: clear effect.
+: tendency of effect.
--: no effect.
-: tendency of no effect.
O: unclear effect.
*Inclusion criteria for studies: ≥50% of population are heart failure patients.

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ISSN: 2049-3258

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