Table 2 Characteristics of the study population of the Bladder cancer Epidemiology and Nutritional Determinants study (BLEND)

 Male

5,592

(77.9)

11,045

(55.9)

1,817

(83.5)

2,269

(71.0)

3,109

(74.6)

8,044

(50.7)

666

(80.6)

732

(79.0)

 Female

1,578

(22.1)

8,930

(44.1)

358

(16.5)

927

(29.0)

1,060

(25.4)

7,808

(49.3)

160

(19.4)

195

(21.0)

 Age (mean, SD)

61.6

(11.4)

57.0

(14.4)

65.4

(9.7)

63.3

(10.9)

59.0

(11.1)

55.3

(14.5)

64.9

(13.1)

66.1

(12.2)

  < 50

961

(13.4)

5,665

(28.4)

135

(6.2)

308

(9.6)

723

(17.3)

5,271

(33.3)

103

(12.5)

86

(9.3)

 50– 59

1,832

(25.6)

4,501

(22.5)

407

(18.7)

787

(24.6)

1,261

(30.2)

3,549

(22.4)

164

(19.9)

165

(17.8)

 60–64

1,399

(19.5)

2,772

(13.9)

381

(17.5)

555

(17.4)

929

(22.3)

2,1

(13.2)

89

(10.8)

117

(12.6)

 65–69

1,122

(15.6)

2,842

(14.2)

482

(22.2)

567

(17.7)

522

(12.5)

2,138

(13.5)

118

(14.3)

137

(14.8)

  ≥ 70

1,856

(25.9)

4,195

(21.0)

770

(35.4)

979

(30.6)

734

(17.6)

2,794

(17.6)

352

(42.6)

422

(45.5)

 Caucasian

4,438

(61.9)

15,057

(75.4)

593

(27.3)

831

(26.0)

3,845

(92.2)

14,226

(89.2)

782

(94.7)

767

(82.7)

 Mixed

9

(0.1)

10

(0.1)

–

–

–

–

9

(0.2)

10

(0.1)

–

–

–

–

 Asian

788

(11.0)

895

(4.5)

–

–

–

–

6

(0.1)

128

(0.8)

–

–

–

–

 Black

52

(0.7)

748

(3.7)

–

–

–

–

52

(1.2)

748

(4.7)

–

–

–

–

 Any other ethnic group

64

(0.9)

232

(1.2)

–

–

–

–

21

(0.5)

72

(0.5)

43

(5.2)

160

(17.3)

 Unknown

1,819

(25.4)

3,033

(15.2)

1,582

(72.7)

2,365

(74.0)

236

(5.7)

668

(4.2)

1

(0.1)

–

–

 Current smoker

2,95

(41.1)

6,98

(34.9)

1,038

(47.7)

1,022

(32.0)

1,564

(37.5)

5,695

(35.9)

348

(42.1)

263

(28.4)

 Former smoker

2,703

(37.7)

5,269

(26.4)

747

(34.3)

1,025

(32.1)

1,731

(41.5)

3,943

(24.9)

225

(27.2)

301

(32.5)

 Never smoker

1,517

(21.2)

7,726

(38.7)

390

(17.9)

1,149

(36.0)

874

(21.0)

6,214

(39.2)

253

(30.6)

363

(39.2)

 Non–invasive

2,246

(31.3)

–

–

511

(23.5)

–

–

1,606

(38.5)

–

–

129

(15.6)

–

–

 Invasive

609

(8.5)

–

–

73

(3.4)

–

–

366

(8.8)

–

–

170

(20.6)

–

–

 Unknown

4,315

(60.2)

–

–

1,591

(73.1)

–

–

2,197

(52.7)

–

–

527

(63.8)

–

–

 Europe

2,175

(30.3)

3,196

(16.0)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

 America

4,169

(58.1)

15,852

(79.4)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

 Asia

826

(11.5)

927

(4.6)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

 Male

2,866

(69.2)

205,678

(31.4)

2,544

(74.9)

146,333

(27.5)

338

(76.1)

39,983

(52.3)

216

(71.8)

19,362

(40.7)

 Female

1,277

(30.8)

449,827

(68.6)

854

(25.1)

385,124

(72.5)

106

(23.9)

36,454

(47.7)

85

(28.2)

28,249

(59.3)

 Age (mean, SD)

61.1

(8.5)

51.8

(10.8)

60.9

(7.9)

50.4

(10.2)

66.4

(6.4)

61.4

(7.4)

55.7

(12.0)

52.0

(13.6)

  < 50

380

(9.2)

270,949

(41.3)

277

(8.2)

249,151

(46.9)

–

–

–

–

103

(34.2)

21,798

(45.8)

 50–59

1,305

(31.5)

232,316

(35.4)

1,154

(34.0)

184,999

(34.8)

69

(15.5)

35,193

(46.0)

82

(27.2)

12,124

(25.5)

 60–64

1,114

(26.9)

81,842

(12.5)

974

(28.7)

62,868

(11.8)

92

(20.7)

13,923

(18.2)

48

(15.9)

5,051

(10.6)

 65–69

757

(18.3)

39,082

(6.0)

610

(18.0)

22,425

(4.2)

109

(24.5)

12,561

(16.4)

38

(12.6)

4,096

(8.6)

  ≥ 70

587

(14.2)

31,316

(4.8)

383

(11.3)

12,014

(2.3)

174

(39.2)

14,760

(19.3)

30

(10.0)

4,542

(9.5)

 Caucasian

3,815

(92.1)

602,416

(91.9)

3,398

(100)

531,457

(100)

417

(93.9)

70,959

(92.8)

–

–

–

–

 Asian

314

(7.6)

50,651

(7.7)

–

–

–

–

13

(2.9)

3,04

(4.0)

301

(100)

47,611

(100)

 Black

7

(0.2)

969

(0.1)

–

–

–

–

7

(1.6)

969

1.3)

–

–

–

–

 Any other ethnic group

1

(0.0)

475

(0.1)

–

–

–

–

1

(0.2)

475

(0.6)

–

–

–

–

 Unknown

6

(0.1)

994

(0.2)

–

–

–

–

6

(1.4)

994

(1.3)

–

–

–

–

 Current smoker

1,677

(40.5)

156,467

(23.9)

1,418

(41.7)

130,871

(24.6)

61

(13.7)

6,411

(8.4)

198

(65.8)

19,185

(40.3)

 Former smoker

1,594

(38.5)

185,006

(28.2)

1,296

(38.1)

149,472

(28.1)

280

(63.1)

33,651

(44.0)

18

(6.0)

1,883

(4.0)

 Never smoker

872

(21.0)

314,032

(47.9)

684

(20.1)

251,114

(47.3)

103

(23.2)

36,375

47.6)

85

(28.2)

26,543

(55.7)

 Non–invasive

1,196

(28.9)

–

–

1,196

(35.2)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

 Invasive

661

(16.0)

–

–

661

(19.5)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

 Unknown

2,286

(55.2)

–

–

1,541

(45.4)

–

–

444

(100)

–

–

301

(100)

–

–

 Europe

3,398

(82.0)

531,457

(81.1)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

 America

444

(10.7)

76,437

(11.7)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

 Asia

301

(7.3)

47,611

(7.3)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–