Table 1 Epidemiological features of known avian influenza serotypes which have caused human infections
From: An overview of the epidemiology and emergence of influenza A infection in humans over time
Avian influenza serotype | te (month, year) and location of first report in humans | Number of human cases | Number of deaths | istory of animal exposure in human cases | uration of persistence in human population | Extent of Human to human transmission | Classification of pathogenicity | Animal hosts/potential animal hosts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H5N6 | Feb-2014 Changsha city, Hunan, China [1] | 15 | 9 reported deaths | Animal exposure | Sporadic. Last case reported in 2016. [2] | None | HPAI | Avian [3] [4] Feline [5] |
H10N8 | Dec-2013 Nanchang, Jiangsu, China [2] | 3 [2] | 2 reported deaths [2] | Animal exposure [2] | Sporadic. Last case reported in 2015. [2] | None | LPAI | Avian [3] [4] |
H6N1 | May-2013 Taiwan [6] | 2 [7] | No reported deaths | None [6] | Isolated event | None | LPAI | Avian [8] [4] |
H7N9 | Mar-2013 Minhang district, Shanghai, China [9] | 791 [2] | 314 reported deaths [10] | Animal exposure [11] | Seasonal occurrence. Last reported in 2016 [2] | Limited (41 reported occurrences) [12–14] | LPAI | Avian [4] Canine [15] |
H1N2v | Jun-2012 Minnesota, United States [16] | 8 [17] | No reported deaths | Animal exposure [16] | Sporadic. Last reported in 2016 | None | n/a | Swine [16, 18] |
H1N1v | Dec-2011 Winconsin, United States | 20 [17] | No reported deaths | Animal exposure | Sporadic. Last case in 2015 | None | n/a | Swine [18] |
H3N2v | Indiana, United States Jul-2011 | 372 [17, 19] | 1 death [19, 20] | Animal exposure [20] | Sporadic. Last case in 2016 [19] | Limited (15 possible occurrences) [20] | n/a | Swine [18, 21] |
H10N7 | Mar-2010 Australia [22] | 2 [22] | No reported deaths | Animal exposure [22] | Isolated event | No | LPAI | Avian [4] Pinnipeds [23] Racoons [24] |
H1N1pdm09 | Mar-2009 Mexico, Canada, US [21] | Estimated > 24% population in 19 countries | Estimated 0.02% of cases result in death [25] | Not described [18] | 2009 to current | Widespread | n/a | Swine [18] Pinnipeds [26] |
H7N3 | Mar-2004 British Columbia, Canada [27] | 19 | No reported deaths | Animal exposure | Sporadic cases. Last reported in 2012 [28] | None | LPAI/HPAI | Avian [29] [4] |
H7N2 | Oct-2003 Westchester county, United States [30] | 16 | No reported deaths | Animal exposure | Sporadic cases. Last reported in 2007 [31] | None | LPAI | Avian [4, 29] Swine [32] |
H1N2 | Oct-2000 Singapore [33, 34] | No global estimates | No deaths attributable to this subtype (UK) [33] | Not described | 2000-2003 [33] | Widespread | n/a | None |
H7N7 | Dec-1979 Boston, United States [35] | 94 | 1 reported death. | Animal exposure | Sporadic cases. Last reported in 2013 [36] | Limited (3 reported occurrences) [37] | LPAI/HPAI | Avian [4] Equine [38] Pinnipeds [35] |
H9N2 | Jun-1999 Hong Kong [39] | 28 | No reported deaths | Animal exposure | Sporadic cases. Last reported in 2016 | None reported | LPAI | Avian [40] Swine [4, 41] |
H5N1 | Feb-1997 Hong Kong [9] | 850 [2] | 449 reported deaths [2] | Animal exposure [42] | Sporadic cases. Last reported in 2016. [2] | Limited (41 reported occurrences) [42] | HPAI | Avian Canine Feline Swine Stone marten [4, 9] |
H1N2 | Dec-1988 China [34, 43] | No case estimates (19 isolates were recovered from China) [34, 43] | No deaths attributable [43] | Not described [16, 43] | Sporadic cases from Dec-1988 to Mar-1989 [43] | Widespread | n/a | Swine [16] |
H1N1 (seasonal flu) | May-1977 Tianjin, China [44] | Estimated 3–5 million cases (severe illness) per year [45] | Estimated 250 000 – 500 000 deaths per year [45] | Not described | Seasonally endemic (1977 to current) [46] | Widespread | n/a | None |
H3N2 (Hong Kong flu) | Jul-1968 Hong Kong | No global estimates | No global estimates | Not described | Pandemic; seasonally endemic and sporadic (1968 to current) | Widespread | n/a | Swine [47] Canine [48] |
H2N2 (Asia flu) | Feb-1957 Guizhou, China [49] | No global estimates | Estimated 1.1 million deaths [50] | Not described | Pandemic; seasonally endemic and sporadic (1957 to 1968) [51] | Widespread | n/a | None |
H1N1 (Spanish Flu) | Aug-1918 North America, Europe & Africa [52] | Estimated 500 million cases [52] | Estimated 50 million deaths [52] | No described | Pandemic; seasonally endemic and sporadic (1918 to 1957) [52] | Widespread | n/a | None |