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Table 1 Summary of studies assessing the prevalence of tuberculosis among prisoners and included in the analysis

From: The prevalence of tuberculosis among prisoners in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies

Author, ref

Study region

Study design

Study period

Inclusion criteria

Sample size

Diagnostic method used

Specimen

Type of TB identified

No of cases, N (%)

Point prevalence per 100,000 pop

Moges et al., 2012 [5]

Amhara

Cross-sectional

March to May 2011

Cough ≥1 week

250

LED microscopy, cytology

Sputum, FNAC

SPPTB

26 (10.4)

1482.3

Abebe et al., 2011 [17]

Dire Dawa, Somali, Harari

Cross-sectional

July to November 2008

Cough ≥2 week, on anti-TB treatment

382

ZN microscopy, culture

Sputum

PTB

44 (11.5)

1913

Addis et al., 2015 [6]

Amhara

Cross-sectional

February to July 2008

Cough ≥2 week, on anti-TB treatment

384

ZN microscopy

Sputum

SPPTB

33 (8.59)

2032

Bayu et al., 2016 [13]

SNNP

Cross-sectional

March to April 2015

Cough ≥2 week, on anti-TB treatment

305b

ZN microscopy

Sputum

PTB

17b (5.57)

966

Fuge et al., 2016 [7]

SNNP

Cross-sectional

May to June 2013

Cough ≥1 week, > = 15 years

164

ZN microscopy

Sputum

SPPTB

3 (1.83)

349.2

Zerihun et al., 2015 [15]

SNNP

Cross-sectional

Nov. 2011 to March 2012

Cough ≥2 weeks

124

ZN microscopy, culture

Sputum

PTB

24 (19.35)

629

Biadglegne et al., 2014 [14]

Amhara

Cross-sectional

November 2013

Cough ≥1 week, sputum production

207b

ZN microscopy, culture, GeneXpert

Sputum

SNPTB

23b (11.1)

-

Ali et al., 2015 [18]

Oromia, SNNP, Harari

Cross-sectional

January to December 2013

≥18 years and either HIV+, treatment in the last 5 years, or WHO grade 5 TB identification criteriaa

765

ZN microscopy, culture

Sputum

PTB

71 (9.3)

458.2

Gebrecherkos et al., 2016 [12]

Amhara

Cross-sectional

February to April 2015

Cough ≥2 weeks, not on anti-TB treatment

282

ZN and LED microscopy, GeneXpert

Sputum

SPPTB

15 (5.3)

384.6

Adane et al., 2015 [8]

Tigray

Cross-sectional

August 2013 to February 2014

≥ 18 years, not on anti-TB treatment, WHO grade 5 TB identification criteriaa

1223b

ZN, culture

Sputum

PTB

74b (5.88)

793.5

  1. SNNP Southern nations, nationalities and peoples, TB Tuberculosis, SPPTB Smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis, PTB pulmonary tuberculosis, SNPTB Smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis, ZN Ziehl-Neelsen, LED Light emitting diode, FNAC Fine needle aspiration cytology
  2. aWHO grade 5 TB identification criteria: cough > = 2 weeks, sputum production, chest pain, loss of appetite, weight loss in last 3 month
  3. bThe number of on anti-TB treatment prisoners were added to the sample size as well as to the reported numbers of cases to estimate the prevalence