|
Study or Subgroup
|
No. of studies
|
Prevalence (95% CI) (%)
|
N
|
Heterogeneity test
|
Publication bias test
|
|---|
|
I2 (%)
|
P
|
P (Begg’s test)
|
P (Egger’s test)
|
|---|
|
Fixed Effect Model
|
18
|
26.34 (25.93, 26.75)
|
42,618
|
99.1
|
< 0.001
|
0.602
|
0.294
|
|
Random Effect Model
|
18
|
25.64 (20.97, 30.30)
|
42,618
|
99.1
|
< 0.001
|
0.602
|
0.294
|
|
Sex (Male)
|
9
|
24.99 (19.70, 30.28)
|
17,670
|
98.3
|
< 0.001
|
0.835
|
0.752
|
|
Sex (Female)
|
10
|
24.76 (16.76, 32.76)
|
17,298
|
99.3
|
< 0.001
|
0.421
|
0.858
|
|
Urban
|
16
|
26.61 (21.80, 31.42)
|
17,224
|
98.4
|
< 0.001
|
0.787
|
0.308
|
|
Rural
|
4
|
21.03 (10.18, 31.87)
|
25,394
|
99.8
|
< 0.001
|
0.497
|
0.393
|
|
Study years (1990s)
|
2
|
19.55 (18.07, 21.05)
|
9593
|
38.9
|
0.201
|
0.317
|
–
|
|
Study years (2000s)
|
9
|
23.95 (16.60, 31.30)
|
13,343
|
98.9
|
< 0.001
|
0.532
|
0.57
|
|
Study years (2010s)
|
7
|
29.95 (24.13, 35.77)
|
19,682
|
97.8
|
< 0.001
|
0.652
|
0.325
|
|
Local journal
|
8
|
23.32 (18.9, 27.74)
|
3366
|
88.6
|
< 0.001
|
0.805
|
0.762
|
|
International journal
|
10
|
27.44 (20.97, 33.91)
|
39,252
|
99.5
|
< 0.001
|
0.929
|
0.755
|
|
Small Studies
|
10
|
23.27 (22.03, 24.50)
|
10,831
|
87.9
|
< 0.001
|
0.788
|
0.855
|
|
Medium Studies
|
5
|
32.65 (31.79, 33.52)
|
4420
|
99.1
|
< 0.001
|
1
|
0.737
|
|
Large studies
|
3
|
24.73 (24.23, 25.23)
|
27,367
|
99.8
|
< 0.001
|
0.117
|
0.573
|
- Abbreviation: N total number of subjects from the included studies
