Table 2 Summary of patterns and outcomes of studies included in systematic review
From: Patterns and epidemiology of acute poisoning in Ethiopia: systematic review of observational studies
Author/ year | Study setting | Responsible agents | Route of poisoning | No. of cases reviewed | Circumstance (%) | Frequent manifestations at presentation | Treatment (pre-hospital and /or hospital)/further prevention | Reasons for poisoning | outcomes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I | UI | UD | |||||||||
Bacha 2015 [17] | Multi-center | Prescribed drugs (29.7%) Hydrocarbon (18.3%) OPP (14.8%) Sodium hypochlorite (12.5%) Alcohol (8.7%) | 128 | 15.5 | 77.5 | 7.0 | Hypothermia (34.4%) Tachycardia (17.2%) Fever (7.0%) | Atropine (6.3%) for OPP, Gastric lavage (18%), Antacids (53.3%) for detergent poisoning, Milk (83.3%), Induced vomiting (1.6%) | CFR = 0 TAHI = 15.5 h (median) | ||
Teklemariam 2016 [18] | JUSH | HCA (41.7%), OPP (27.2%) Drugs (12.6%) | Oral ingestion (97.1%) | 103 | 50.5 . | 27.2 | 22.3 | Diarrhea and vomiting (49.5%), altered consciousness (16.5%)and epigastric pain (13.6%) | GI decontamination (78.6%), Specific antidotes (12.6%), Other managements (8.7%) Psychiatric referral 8.7% and specific education 40.8% | Quarrel (family, marital) (75.9%), psychiatric problem (14.8%) and Substance abuse (9.3%) | LOS = 17.7 days(median) CFR = 5.8% TAHI = 30`-1 h |
Adinew 2017 [14] | UOG hospital | OPP (38.46%) | Oral ingestion (88.9%) Inhalation 2.2% unknown 8.9% | 90 | 90 | Loss of consciousness (22.2%) | Decontamination methods such as gastric lavage and activated charcoal (45.6%) and atropine (36.7%) for OPP | Family (45.8%) andMarital (16.9%) disharmony, Unsuccessful love affairs (7.3%), Domestic violence (pregnant after raped) 4 (4.8%), Mental disorder 7 (8.4), Being RVI 4 (4.8%), Conflicts in work area (4.8%), Financial problem (4.8%) | CFR = 0 LOS = 0.74 (mean) TAHI = 13`-1 day | ||
Adinew 2016 [20] | UOG hospital | OPP (38.2%), sodium hypochlorite (41.63%), drug (6.9%) and CO (6.0%) | Oral ingestion (83.6%), inhalation (6.4%) | 233 | 57.5 | 23.2 | 19.3 | Supportive therapy (intestinal lavage, activated charcoal) (60%) atropine (24%) for OPP | Quarrel with family (54.2%) followed by love affairs (18.4%) | CFR 0.43% TAHI = 4.2 h (mean) LOS = 11.26 h (mean) | |
Melaku 2006 [36] | TASH ICU | OPP | 3548 | 168 (4.7%) admissions and CFR due to OPP 44 (3.9%) | |||||||
Desalew 2011 [15] | TASH | HCA (43.1%), OPP (21.6%) and Phenobarbitone (10.3%) | 116 | 96.5 | 3.5 | Loss of consciousness (46.3%) Vomiting (23.8%) Epigastric pain (22.5%) Shortness of breath (2 2.5%) | Milk, water anddifferent home remedies(23.3%), Psychiatry consultation (17.2%) | Temporary quarrel (57%) and emotionaldisturbance (26%), underlying mentalillness (13.4%) | CFR is 8.6% LOS = 1 day (mean) TAHI = 3 h (median) Death-OPP (5/25) | ||
Chala 2015 [21] | AHMC | OPP (52.1%), HCA (12.7%) and alcohols (10.3%) | 292 | 36.6 | 35.6 | 27.8 | GI decontamination (55.6%), specific antidote and atropine (37.8%) OPP and high pressure oxygen for CO (1.7%), Psychiatric referral (8.2%) | social conflict, socio-economic burden, alcohol and drug abuse | CFR is 1.37% and all death were due to complications of OP poisoning | ||
Jemal 2016 [19] | Adama Referral hospital | HCA (41.6%), followed by OPP and drugs | 226 | 81.9 | 5.8 | 12.3 | GI decontamination (64.6%), Specific antidote (19%), unspecified (11.5%), no management (4.9%) | The overall CFR is 7.5% | |||
Mekonnen 2016 [22] | UOG hospital | Snake bite The | 27 adult patients | 100 | Bleeding complications and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation | CFR was 4/27 (14.8%) TAHI = after 12 h | |||||