Table 1 General characteristics of the study participants, Mao health district, February–August 2017
Characteristic | Cases N = 137 | Controls N = 274 | Total N = 411 |
|---|---|---|---|
Demographic and socio-economic profile | |||
 Number of people in the household, mean | 5.61 | 5.91 | 5.81 |
 Number of children under five, mean | 1.74 | 1.86 | 1.82 |
 Household possesses livestock | 76 (55.47%) | 172 (62.77%) | 248 (60.34%) |
 Agricultural activities by the household | 32 (23.36%) | 59 (21.53%) | 91 (22.14%) |
Child caretakers’ profile and health seeking behaviour | |||
 Age of caretakers (years), mean | 25.42 | 25.74 | 25.63 |
 Income generating status / Not employed | 125 (91.24%) | 247 (90.15%) | 371 (90.51%) |
 Follow antenatal care visits | 118 (86.13%) | 250 (91.24%) | 368 (89.54%) |
 Usual practice when child is sick | |||
  Taking child to the health centre | 50 (36.50%) | 117 (42.70%) | 167 (40.63%) |
  Self-treatment methods | 85 (62.04%) | 156 (56.93%) | 241 (58.64%) |
 Caretaker participates in decision making on expenses for child health care | 10 (7.30%) | 11 (4.01%) | 21 (5.11%) |
 Reasons for not going to health centre to consult with health professionals | |||
  High prices | 64 (46.72%) | 120 (43.80%) | 184 (44.77%) |
  Lack of time | 21 (15.33%) | 43 (15.69%) | 64 (15.57%) |
  Lack of means of transport | 9 (6.57%) | 28 (10.22%) | 37 (9.00%) |
  Long distances | 7 (5.11%) | 13 (4.74%) | 20 (4.87%) |
Household WASH conditions | |||
 Soap is present in the household | 128 (93.43%) | 259 (94.53%) | 387 (94.16%) |
 Where toilet is not present, family practice open defecation | 71 (51.82%) | 120 (43.79%) | 191 (46.47%) |
 Principal water source for the household | |||
  Tap | 57 (41.61%) | 118 (43.07%) | 175 (42.58%) |
  Forage with a hand pump | 47 (34.31%) | 89 (32.48%) | 136 (33.09%) |
  Open well | 26 (18.98%) | 42 (15.33%) | 68 (16.15%) |
  Other | 7 (5.11%) | 25 (9.12%) | 32 (7.79%) |
 Time needed to collect water ≥30 min | 71 (51.82%) | 184 (67.15%) | 255 (62.04%) |
 Persons in charge of water collection | |||
  Women | 132 (96.35%) | 265 (96.72%) | 397 (96.59%) |
  Men | 15 (10.95%) | 28 (10.22%) | 43 (10.46%) |
  Children | 75 (54.74%) | 134 (48.91%) | 209 (50.85%) |
 Household has less than 15 l per person per day | 10 (7.30%) | 14 (5.11%) | 24 (5.84%) |
 Container used for water transport is dirty | 70 (51.09%) | 107 (39.05%) | 177 (43.07%) |
 Water is stored in an unhygienic place | 115 (83.94%) | 200 (72.99%) | 315 (76.64%) |
 Water is treated before consumption | 5 (3.65%) | 10 (3.65%) | 15 (3.65%) |
 Good drinking water quality at point-of-use | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
 Escherichia coli = 0 | 28 (20.44%) | 44 (16.06%) | 72 (17.52%) |
 Presence of faecal material (human or animal) around the household | 99 (72.26%) | 200 (72.99%) | 299 (72.57%) |
 Presence of faecal material (human or animal) in the child’s play areas | 65 (47.45%) | 124 (45.26%) | 189 (45.99%) |
 Kitchen utensils or food leftovers are left uncovered on the floor | 55 (40.15%) | 96 (35.04%) | 151 (36.74%) |
 Household uses mosquito bed nets | 21 (15.33%) | 35 (12.77%) | 56 (13.63%) |