Association between self-reported hearing impairment and diabetes: a Brazilian population-based study

Table 1 Socio-demographic characeristics, smoking, alcohol and occupational exposure – National Health Survey 2013, Brazil

	Self-reported Hearing Impairment (SHI)
	Yes (N = 1464)			No (N = 58,738)			p-value
	n	%	%w	n	%	%w	p-value
Sex							< 0.001
Female	722	2.11	2.23	33,560	97.89	97.67
Male	742	2.86	2.94	25,178	97.14	97.06
Age Group (years)							0.000
18–29	76	0.53	0.54	14,245	99.47	99.46
30–59	551	1.59	1.74	34,153	98.41	98.26
60–64	134	3.87	4.48	3331	96.13	95.51
65–74	312	6.47	7.07	4513	93.53	92.93
≥ 75	391	13.5	14.2	2496	86.46	85.84
Color or Race							0.002
White	701	2.91	2.9	23,405	97.09	97.1
Black	122	2.17	1.66	5509	97.83	98.34
Others	641	2.1	2.38	29,824	97.89	97.62
Education Level^a							0.000
Graduated or higher	121	1.41	1.38	8475	98.59	98.62
Second grade or incomplete undergraduation	242	1.3	1.39	18,347	98.7	98.61
First grade or incomplete second grade	309	2.02	2.14	14,979	97.98	97.86
Incomplete first grade	467	6.12	6.32	7163	93.88	93.68
Smoking Consumption							0.764
No	1226	2.38	2.55	50,247	97.62	97.45
Yes	238	2.73	2.63	8491	97.27	97.36
Alcohol Consumption							0.002
No	1030	2.77	2.87	36,170	97.23	97.13
Yes	434	1.87	2.11	22,568	98.11	97.89
Occupational Exposure							0.000
No	188	1.08	1.12	17,145	98.91	98.88
Yes	357	1.87	1.88	18,752	98.13	98.11
No response	919	3.87	4.22	22,841	96.13	95.78

ISSN: 2049-3258