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Table 3 Bivariate associations between independent variables and mean scores on SF-32v2 scales (Standard Deviation), N = 237

From: Determinants of health- related quality of life (HRQoL) among deaf and hard of hearing adults in Greece: a cross-sectional study

Variable

Physical Functioning

Role-Physical

Bodily Pain

General Health

Vitality

Social Functioning

Role-Emotional

Mental Health

Physical component summary score

Mental component summary score

Gender a

 Women

49,3 (6,9)

46,9 (9,1)

48,9 (10,5)

49,0 (9,7)

46,2 (10,5)

44,6 (9,5)*

41,9 (10,2)

40,5 (11,0)

51,6 (6,8)

40,1 (10,8)

 Men

49,4 (9,6)

46,1 (10,1)

47,2 (10,5)

47,8 (12,1)

46,6 (12,9)

41,6 (10,9)*

40,6 (11,7)

39,0 (13,1)

51,1 (8,9)

38,5 (12,7)

Age (years) b

−0,24*

− 0,13*

− 0,13*

−0,16*

− 0,01

− 0,06

− 0,05

− 0,05

− 0,24*

− 0,001

BMI b

−0,39*

− 0,28*

− 0,14*

−0,23*

− 0,22*

− 0,29*

− 0,21*

−0,25*

− 0,30*

−0,22*

Hearing status c

 Normal hearing

52,9 (5,8)*

52,6 (5,9)*

51,7 (9,2)*

52,4 (8,1)*

50,6 (10,4)*

47,7 (9,2)*

46,5 (8,5)*

43,3 (9,4)*

55,5 (5,0)*

43,6 (9,8)*

 Hard of hearing

49,4 (7,5)*

46,7 (8,2)*

48,2 (9,9)*

48,5 (10,9)*

49,0 (11,6)*

44,7 (8,9)*

43,2 (9,1)*

41,9 (11,8)*

50,8 (7,6)*

42,2 (10,7)*

 Deaf

45,3 (8,5)*

39,8 (8,9)*

44,5 (11,1)*

44,3 (11,5)*

39,7 (9,1)*

37,9 (9,4)*

34,5 (10,4)*

34,9 (12,7)*

47,4 (7,8)*

33,2 (11,3)*

Marital Status c

 Category 1 (unmarried, divorced, widowed)

48,6 (8,3)*

45,6 (9,2)*

48,6 (10,6)

47,5 (10,4)*

45,2 (10,7)*

42,7 (9,8)*

40,4 (10,7)*

38,7 (11,5)*

51,1 (7,6)

38,2 (11,1)*

 Category 2 (married, in cohabitation)

50,1 (7,6)*

47,8 (9,6)*

47,9 (10,5)

49,8 (10,7)*

47,6 (12,1)*

44,5 (10,4)*

42,6 (10,7)*

41,4 (12,1)*

51,9 (7,8)

41,0 (11,9)*

Number of family members per household b

0,18*

0,17*

0,07

0,20*

0,21*

0,16*

0,17*

0,21*

0,14*

0,20*

Educational attainment d

0,43*

0,43*

0,27*

0,32*

0,29*

0,32*

0,34*

0,23*

0,43*

0,25*

Family annual income (euro) d

0,15*

0,28*

0,23*

0,21*

0,27*

0,37*

0,36*

0,32*

0,16*

0,37*

Tobacco consumer c

 Current

47,8 (8,3)*

44,8 (9,3)*

48,6 (11,0)

46,7 (10,7)*

44,5 (11,8)*

42,5 (9,5)

40,3 (10,7)

39,4 (12,5)

50,1 (8,0)*

50,1 (8,0)*

 Former

50,0 (8,2)*

48,2 (9,8)*

47,4 (10,8)

50,0 (11,2)*

47,2 (12,1)*

44,6 (10,4)

42,1 (11,7)

41,1 (13,1)

52,0 (7,3)*

52,0 (7,3)*

 Never

50,8 (7,4)*

48,0 (9,2)*

48,3 (9,9)

50,0 (10,2)*

48,0 (10,4)*

44,2 (10,7)

42,4 (10,4)

40,0 (10,5)

52,8 (7,1)*

52,8 (7,1)*

Physical activity (hours per week) d, e

0,52*

0,29*

0,06

0,35*

0,28*

0,22*

0,25*

0,18*

0,37*

0,19*

Alcohol consumption (units of alcohol per week) d, e

−0,31*

− 0,37*

−0,22*

− 0,23*

−0,31*

− 0,23*

− 0,33*

− 0,27*

− 0,29*

− 0,29*

  1. Values are expressed as n (%) unless otherwise is indicated
  2. *p < 0.20
  3. at- test, b Pearson correlation coefficient, c Analysis of variance, d Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, e Median (range)