Associations between environmental quality and infant mortality in the United States, 2000–2005

Table 1 Study population characteristics by maternal race/ethnicity and infant mortality (IM) status, United States (2000–2005)

Characteristics	All (N = 22,702,529)		Non-Hispanic White (N = 13,869,745)		Non-Hispanic Black (N = 3,484,425)		Hispanic (N = 5,348,359)
Infant deaths	144,741		73,003		44,046		27,692
% mothers experiencing IM	0.64		0.53		1.3		0.52
	No IM	IM	No IM	IM	No IM	IM	No IM	IM
Married (%)	65	51	77	66	31	27	55	50
Maternal education (%)
Missing (n = 2,394,404)
> High School	42	32	52	40	33	28	19	16
High School	28	31	26	31	35	35	27	26
< High School	20	24	10	17	22	23	43	44
Maternal age (%)
< =19 years	11	16	8	13	18	19	15	18
20–29 years	52	52	40	50	56	54	57	52
30–39 years	34	29	40	34	24	25	26	26
40+ years	2	3	3	4	2	2	2	3
Male (%)	51	56	51	57	51	56	51	56
Rural-Urban status (%)^a
RUCC 1	84	84	80	77	90	89	93	92
RUCC 2	7	7	8	9	5	5	4	4
RUCC 3	8	8	10	11	5	6	3	4
RUCC 4	1	2	2	2	< 1	< 1	< 1	< 1

^aRUCC 1: metropolitan urbanized areas, RUCC 2: non-metropolitan urbanized areas, RUCC 3: less urbanized, RUCC 4: thinly populated areas

ISSN: 2049-3258