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Table 3 Stunting levels, by gender, geographical location and wealth quintiles

From: A comparative analysis of socioeconomic inequities in stunting: a case of three middle-income African countries

 

Country

Ghana

Zambia

Kenya

Year

2003

2008

2014

2001

2007

2013

2003

2008

2014

Gender

Male

38.8%

29.7%

19.9%

54.6%

48.7%

42.4%

39.4%

37.3%

29.7%

Female

32.2%

26.4%

17.9%

50.6%

42.3%

37.8%

31.8%

33.2%

22.3%

Area

Rural

41.1%

32.2%

22.6%

57.0%

48.2%

42.1%

36.8%

37.2%

29.1%

Urban

24.4%

21.8%

14.6%

42.8%

39.8%

36.0%

29.7%

25.7%

19.7%

Wealth quintile

1, poorest

48.8%

36.5%

26.5%

58.4%

47.1%

46.7%

42.4%

43.7%

36.5%

2, poorer

37.9%

31.2%

26.1%

60.3%

51.3%

43.7%

39.5%

42.1%

30.2%

3, middle

38.9%

30.3%

16.2%

56.5%

48.1%

38.7%

36.6%

33.9%

26.6%

4, richer

29.9%

22.2%

17.9%

48.6%

46.2%

39.8%

31.5%

29.5%

19.7%

5, richest

18.2%

18.1%

5.5%

37.0%

35.3%

30.0%

25.5%

23.5%

13.1%

  1. Source: DHS (2001,2003,2007,2008, 2013 and 2014). Authors’ calculations