Table 3 Principal component analysis for professionals: representative questions and output loading (Varimax variation)
From: Conceptualizing sexual and gender-based violence in European asylum reception centers
Professionals | |
|---|---|
SEXUAL VIOLENCE | PCA Loading output |
PC15 – Sexual innuendo | |
Unwelcome and unwanted sexual comments or invitations to girls/women. | 0.619 |
And if this happens to boys/men? | 0.600 |
PC3 – Visual sexual harassment | |
Made to watch somebody undress as a girl/woman? | 0.858 |
And if this happens to boys/men? | 0.879 |
Made to watch photos of naked persons as a girl/woman? | 0.887 |
And if this happens to boys/men? | 0.817 |
PC14 – Denudement | |
Having to undress in front of other people watching as a girl/woman? | 0.698 |
And if this happens to boys/men? | 0.799 |
PC1 –Abuse, Rape and Trafficking | |
Unwelcome penetration of the vagina and/or anus by an organ or by an object of girls/women? | 0.930 |
And if this happens to boys/men? | 0.930 |
Trafficking of people for their organs? | 0.833 |
And if this happens to boys/men? | 0.833 |
PC10 – Sexual exploitation | |
Sex with a girl/woman in exchange for survival, food for the children, shelter, money, papers, other favors. | 0.916 |
And if this happens to boys/men? | 0.916 |
PHYSICAL VIOLENCE | |
PC8 – Physical assault without permanent consequences | |
Physical assault with no permanent consequences (e.g. hitting, kicking, pulling) | 0.773 |
And if this happens to boys/men? | 0.790 |
PC5 – Physical assault with permanent consequences | |
Physical assault with permanent consequences (e.g. burning, stabbing, maiming) | 0.877 |
And if this happens to boys/men? | 0.877 |
Killing a girl/woman in the name of family honor? | 0.798 |
And if this happens to boys/men? | 0.843 |
PSYCHOLOGICAL VIOLENCE | |
PC 12 – Threat and humiliation | |
Threatening of girls/women with unwelcome not sexual acts (make you feel scared.…) | 0.548 |
And if this happens to boys/men? | 0.549 |
Teasing, showing no respect, racist or discriminating comments to a girl/woman? | 0.546 |
And if this happens to boys/men? | 0.546 |
PC9 – Verbal violence | |
Unwelcome remarks and comments from nonsexual nature to girls/women. | 0.759 |
And if this happens to boys/men? | 0.759 |
PC13 – Confinement, individual level | |
As a girl/woman to be isolated, confined and/or deprived of liberty of movement | 0.720 |
And if this happens to boys/men? | 0.642 |
PC6 – Relational violence | |
Someone denying a girl/woman to be together with his or her partner in private? | 0.863 |
And if this happens to boys/men? | 0.862 |
Someone denying a girl/woman to be together with her parents or children in private. | 0.812 |
And if this happens to boys/men? | 0.812 |
PC16 – Parental relational violence | |
Someone denying a girl/woman to fulfill her role as a mother (no money for food) | 0.669 |
And if this happens to boys/men? | 0.669 |
HARMFUL CULTURAL PRACTICES | |
PC17 – Genital mutilation | |
Circumcision of girl/woman? | 0.417 |
And if this happens to boys/men? | 0.632 |
PC7 – Early marriage | |
Child marriage of a girl/woman? | 0.882 |
And if this happens to boys/men? | 0.862 |
PC 11 – Honor killing and maiming | |
Injuring a girl/woman in the name of family honor? | 0.853 |
And if this happens to boys/men? | 0.853 |
SOCIO-ECONOMIC VIOLENCE | |
PC2 – Denial of opportunities and services | |
Denial of access to education, health assistance or remunerated employment because of the ethnic background of a girl/woman | 0.874 |
And if this happens to boys/men? | 0.874 |
Denial of access to education, health assistance or remunerated employment because of the residence status of a girl/woman. | 0.846 |
And if this happens to boys/men? | 0.846 |
PC4 – Social exclusion/ostracism | |
Being treated differently by other people because of the sexual orientation of a girl/woman? | 0.794 |
And if this happens to boys/men? | 0.806 |
Being treated differently by other people because of the ethnic background of a girl/woman? | 0.780 |
And if this happens to boys/men? | 0.780 |