Table 4 Residents and professionals – SGBV conceptualization, grouped according to UNHCR SGBV definition
From: Conceptualizing sexual and gender-based violence in European asylum reception centers
Residents | Professionals |
|---|---|
Sexual Violence | |
Sexual innuendo | Sexual innuendo |
Visual sexual harassment | Visual sexual harassment |
– | Denudement |
Marital rape | – |
Abuse, rape and trafficking | Abuse, rape and trafficking |
– | Sexual exploitation |
Physical Violence | |
– | Physical assault without permanent consequences |
– | Physical assault with permanent consequences |
Psychological Violence | |
Humiliation | Threat and humiliation |
Confinement | Verbal violence |
– | Confinement – individual level |
– | Relational violence |
– | Parental relational violence |
Harmful Cultural Practices | |
Denial of education of girls and women | – |
Genital mutilation | Genital mutilation |
Early marriage | Early marriage |
Honor killing and Maiming | Honor killing and Maiming |
Socio-economic Violence | |
Discrimination | – |
Denial of opportunities and services | Denial of opportunities and services |
Denial of access to exercise civil, social, economic rights | – |
Social exclusion/ostracism based on sexual orientation | Social exclusion/ostracism |