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Table 1 Summary results of covariates of time-to-death for infants in Ethiopia, 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey

From: Proximate determinants of infant mortality in Ethiopia, 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health surveys: results from a survival analysis

Characteristics/Variables

Categories

Status of infants

Event (deaths) (%)

Censored (alive) (%)

A. Distal/Socioeconomic factors

 Maternal level of education (N = 2628)

No education

347 (13.2)

1229 (46.8)

Primary

117 (4.5)

617 (23.5)

Secondary

32 (1.2)

190 (7.2)

Higher

6 (0.2)

90 (3.4)

 Household wealth (In quintiles) (N = 2628)

Poorest

219 (8.3)

757 (28.8)

Poorer

92 (3.5)

347 (13.2)

Middle

62 (2.4)

292 (11.1)

Richer

64 (2.4)

261 (9.9)

Richest

65 (2.5)

469 (17.8)

 Region (N = 2628)

Tigray

36 (1.4)

221 (8.4)

Afar

55 (2.1)

205 (7.8)

Amhara

39 (1.5)

198 (7.5)

Oromia

68 (2.6)

333 (12.7)

Somali

95 (3.6)

303 (11.5)

Benishangul

47 (1.8)

164 (6.2)

SNNPR*

56 (2.1)

250 (9.5)

Gambela

33 (1.3)

126 (4.8)

Harari

32 (1.2)

124 (4.7)

Drie Dawa

27 (1.0)

98 (3.7)

Addis Ababa

14 (0.5)

104 (4.0)

 Place of residence (N = 2628)

Urban

60 (2.3)

430 (16.4)

Rural

442 (16.8)

1696 (64.5)

 Sex of household head (N = 2628)

Male

404 (15.4)

1682 (64.0)

Female

98 (3.7)

444 (16.9)

B. Intermediate/Mother’s characteristics

 Preceding birth interval (in months) (N = 2057)

< 24

160 (7.8)

312 (15.2)

24–47

159 (7.7)

886 (43.1)

> 47

67 (3.3)

473 (23.0)

 Maternal age at first birth (in years) (N = 2628)

<  20

329 (12.5)

1254 (47.7)

20–30

165 (6.3)

851 (32.4)

> 30

8 (0.3)

21 (0.8)

 Birth order (N = 2628)

<  3

191 (7.3)

836 (31.8)

3–4

121 (4.6)

564 (21.5)

> 4

190 (7.2)

726 (27.6)

 Place of delivery (N = 2628)

Home

372 (14.2)

1233 (46.9)

Health Institution

130 (4.9)

893 (34.0)

 Number of antenatal care visits (N = 2628)

<  4

466 (17.7)

1984 (75.5)

≥ 4

36 (1.4)

142 (5.4)

 Smoking cigarettes during pregnancy (N = 2628)

Yes

493 (18.8)

2119 (80.6)

No

9 (0.3)

7 (0.3)

C. Proximal/child’s characteristics

 Plurality (N = 2628)

Single birth

449 (17.1)

2079 (79.1)

Multiple births

53 (2.0)

47 (1.8)

 Size of child at birth (N = 2587)

Very large

96 (3.7)

286 (11.1)

Larger than average

53 (2.0)

263 (10.2)

Average

170 (6.6)

917 (35.4)

Smaller than average

43 (1.7)

203 (7.8)

Very small

124 (4.8)

432 (16.7)

 Sex of child (N = 2628)

Male

309 (11.8)

1052 (40.0)

Female

193 (7.3)

1074 (40.9)

 Infant breastfed status at birth (N = 2498)

Immediately

264 (10.6)

1438 (57.6)

Not immediately

139 (5.6)

657 (26.3)

  1. *SNNPR Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples region, EDHS Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey