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Table 2 Relative risk (RR) of infant mortality. Results of a multivariate Cox’s Proportional Hazard regression, 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey

From: Proximate determinants of infant mortality in Ethiopia, 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health surveys: results from a survival analysis

Variables

Categories

Estimated RR

95% CI for RR

A. Distal/socioeconomic factors

 Maternal level of education

No education (ref)

1

 

Primary

0.95

0.59–2.62

Secondary

0.68

0.56–0.98

Higher

0.51

0.45–0.80

 Household wealth (in quintiles)

Poorest

1.68

0.69–4.11

Poorer

1.36

0.51–3.62

Middle (ref)

1

 

Richer

1.64

0.59–4.55

Richest

2.45

0.78,-7.71

 Place of residence

Urban (ref)

1

 

Rural

1.80

0.501–6.40

B. Intermediate/mother’s characteristics

 Preceding birth interval (in months)

< 24

2.02

1.40–2.92

24–47 (ref)

1

 

> 47

0.51

0.27–0.92

 Maternal age at first birth (in years)

< 20

1.23

0.84–1.85

20–29 (ref)

1

 

> 30

0.70

0.60–1.93

 Birth order

< 3

0.85

0.38,-1.90

3–4 (ref)

1

 

>  4

0.75

0.39–1.42

 Place of delivery

Home

1.90

0.78–4.62

Health Institution (ref)

1

 

 Number of antenatal care visits

< 4 (ref)

1

 

≥ 4

0.63

0.56–1.45

 Smoking cigarettes during pregnancy

No (ref)

1

 

Yes

1.28

0.60–2.78

C. Proximal/child’s characteristics

 Plurality

Single birth (ref)

1

 

Multiple birth

4.07

1.14–14.5

 Birth weight categories (in gm)

Very large

2.02

0.56–7.34

Larger than average

1.76

0.60–5.15

Average (ref)

1

 

Smaller than average

3.23

1.40–7.41

Very small

3.74

1.73–8.12

 Breastfed at birth

Immediately (ref)

1

 

Not immediately

1.13

0.63–2.04

 Sex of child

Male

1.26

1.01–1.56

Female (ref)

1

 
  1. (ref) the reference category, gm gram