Table 3 Multilevel logistic regression analysis of individual and community-level factors associated with PNC in Ethiopia, EDHS 2016
Individual and community level characteristics | COR (95% CI) | Model 0 n = 4242 ICC = 42% | Model 1 AOR (95% CI) n = 4000 | Model 2 AOR(95% CI) n = 4206 | Model 3 AOR (95% CI) n = 3967 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Educational Status of women | |||||
 No education | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |
 Primary | 1.19 (0.63, 2.25) |  | 0.98 (0.47, 2.07) |  | 0.86 (0.40, 1.86) |
 Secondary | 1.95 (0.76, 4.97) |  | 1.15 (0.41, 3.23) |  | 0.94 (0.35, 2.51) |
 Higher | 3.97 (1.09,14.35) |  | 2.92 (0.78,11.01) |  | 1.98 (0.54,7.31) |
Occupation of women | |||||
 Not employed | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |
 Employed | 1.66 (0.91, 3.03) |  | 1.43 (0.77, 2.66) |  | 1.26 (.62, 2.55) |
Place of delivery | |||||
 Home | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |
 Health facility | 2.25 (1.18, 4.27) |  | 1.19 (0.58,2.45) |  | 1.01 (0.48, 2.12) |
Number of ANC visits | |||||
 No | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |
 1–3 | 7.27 (2.29, 22.97) |  | 8.3 (2.12, 32.35) |  | 7.27 (1.8,29.27)* |
 > =4 | 12.0 (3.84,37.51) |  | 12.24 (3.1, 8.24) |  | 10.8 (2.65,43.7)* |
Women autonomy | |||||
 Low | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |
 High | 2.64 (.87, 7.96) |  | 2.02 (0.58,6.7) |  | 2.09 (0.65, 6.74) |
Media exposure | |||||
 No exposure | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |
 Low exposure | 2.42 (1.23, 4.76) |  | 1.43 (0.70, 2.91) |  | 1.27 (0.62,2.60) |
 High exposure | 1.11 (.56, 2.20) |  | 0.4 (0.19,1.18) |  | 0.47 (0.18, 1.23) |
Wealth Index | |||||
 Poorest | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |
 Poorer | 1.19 (0.39,3.56) |  | 0.97 (0.32, 2.9) |  | 0.96 (0.32,2.84) |
 Middle | 4.08 (1.58,10.52) |  | 2.87 (1.08, 7.7) |  | 3.10 (1.12,8.57)* |
 Richer | 3.43 (1.25, 9.44) |  | 2.18 (0.76, 6.3) |  | 2.18 (0.69,6.81) |
 Richest | 4.89 (1.77,13.54) |  | 2.73 (0.8, 9.29) |  | 1.99 (0.44,9.09) |
Husband education | |||||
 No education | 0.28 (0.11, 0.77) |  | 0.97 (0.28, 3.30) |  | 1.02 (0.29,3.61) |
 Primary | 0.35 (0.13, 0 .92) |  | 0.91 (.28, 2.93) |  | 0.97 (0.28,3.26) |
 Secondary | 0.09 (0.03, 0.34) |  | 0.17 (0.04, 0.68) |  | 0.17 (0.04,0.68)* |
 Higher | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |
Place of residence | |||||
 Urban | 1 |  |  | 1 | 1 |
 Rural | 0.34 (0.19,0 .58) |  |  | 0.91 (0.40,2.05) | 0.82 (0.25, 2.64) |
Distance to the HF | |||||
 Far | 1 |  |  | 1 | 1 |
 Near | 2.57 (1.39, 4.74) |  |  | 2.03 (1.05,3.92) | 1.92 (0.97, 3.78) |
Proportion of women employed© | 1.02 (1.01,1.03) |  |  | 1.01 (1.00,1.02) | 1.01 0(.99, 1.02) |
Community-level of poverty | |||||
 Low | 1 |  |  | 1 | 1 |
 Middle | 0.62 (0.31, 1.17) |  |  | 1.32 (0.60,2.82) | 1.54 (0.68, 3.44) |
 High | 0.31 (0.16,0.60) |  |  | 0.92 (0.38,2.16) | 1.59 (0.60, 4.23) |
Community-level of education | |||||
 Low | 1 |  |  | 1 | 1 |
 Middle | 1.64 (0.68,3.88) |  |  | 1.32 (0.58,3.01) | 1.02 (0.44, 2.34) |
 High | 4.29 (2.05, 8.97) |  |  | 2.56 (1.14,5.73) | 2.53 (1.06, 6.06)* |
The proportion of women with the opposite attitude to wife-beating© | 1.01 (1.00,1.02) |  |  | 1.0 (0.99,1.01) | 1.00 (0.98, 1.01) |
Community-level of HSU | |||||
 Low | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |
 High | 3.75 (1.93,7.26) |  |  | 2.25 (1.16, 4.4) | 2.32 (1.14, 4.73)* |