Sex differences in the association between self-reported sleep duration, insomnia symptoms and cardiometabolic risk factors: cross-sectional findings from Brazilian longitudinal study of adult health

Aline Silva-Costa; Lucia Rotenberg; Aline A. Nobre; Dora Chor; Estela M. Aquino; Enirtes C. Melo; Sandhi M. Barreto; Maria Inês Schmidt; Rosane H. Griep

doi:10.1186/s13690-020-00429-8

Archives of Public Health

Table 3 Association (odds ratio [95%CI]) between sleep patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors among men. Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil, 2012–2014)

From: Sex differences in the association between self-reported sleep duration, insomnia symptoms and cardiometabolic risk factors: cross-sectional findings from Brazilian longitudinal study of adult health

	Obesity
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4
Self-reported sleep duration
≤ 6 h	1.04 (0.93;1.18)	1.03 (0.91;1.16)	1.02 (0.90;1.15)	1.02 (0.90;1.16)
> 6 - ≤ 8 h	Reference category
> 8 h	1.26 (0.90;1.73)	1.22 (0.87;1.62)	1.20 (0.86;1.65)	1.06 (0.86;1.65)
Insomnia symptoms
No	Reference category
Yes	1.01 (0.87;1.17)	1.00 (0.86;1.16)	0.99 (0.85;1.15)	0.99 (0.84;1.16)
Short sleep + insomnia
No (> 6 - ≤ 8 h and absence of insomnia)	Reference category
Yes	1.07 (0.89;1.27)	1.04 (0.87;1.27)	1.02 (0.85;1.23)	–
	Hypertension
Self-reported sleep duration
≤ 6 h	1.03 (0.93;1.14)	1.04 (0.94;1.16)	1.03 (0.93;1.15)	1.02 (0.91;1.14)
> 6 - ≤ 8 h	Reference category
> 8 h	1.19 (0.89;1.59)	1.06 (0.78;1.44)	1.06 (0.78;1.43)	1.06 (0.78;1.43)
Insomnia symptoms
No	Reference category
Yes	1.18 (1.04;1.34)	1.09 (0.96;1.25)	1.07 (0.94;1.23)	1.07 (0.93;1.23)
Short sleep + insomnia
No (> 6 - ≤ 8 h and absence of insomnia)	Reference category
Yes	1.21 (1.04;1.41)	1.13 (0.97;1.33)	1.11 (0.94–1.30)	–
	High glycated hemoglobin
Self-reported sleep duration
≤ 6 h	0.99 (0.83;1.17)	0.97 (0.82;1.15)	0.95 (0.79;1.12)	0.93 (0.78;1.11)
> 6 - ≤ 8 h	Reference category
> 8 h	1.07 (0.65;1.67)	0.88 (0.53;1.39)	0.87 (0.53;1.37)	0.87 (0.53;1.37)
Insomnia symptoms
No	Reference category
Yes	1.25 (1.02;1.53)	1.11 (0.90;1.36)	1.04 (0.84;1.28)	1.06 (0.85;1.32)
Short sleep + insomnia
No (> 6 - ≤ 8 h and absence of insomnia)	Reference category
Yes	1.19 (0.93;1.51)	1.05 (0.82;1.34)	0.98 (0.75;1.25)	–
	Hypertriglyceridemia
Self-reported sleep duration
≤ 6 h	0.98 (0.88;1.09)	0.97 (0.87;1.08)	0.96 (0.86;1.07)	0.93 (0.84;1.04)
> 6 - ≤ 8 h	Reference category
> 8 h	1.65 (1.24;2.19)	1.60 (1.20;2.14)	1.59 (1.19;2.13)	1.60 (1.20;2.14)
Insomnia symptoms
No	Reference category
Yes	0.98 (0.84;1.14)	1.13 (0.99;1.29)	1.13 (0.99;1.29)	1.17 (1.02;1.35)
Short sleep + insomnia
No (> 6 - ≤ 8 h and absence of insomnia)	Reference category
Yes	1.14 (0.97;1.33)	1.12 (0.96;1.31)	1.11 (0.94;1.30)	–
	Low HDL-cholesterol
Self-reported sleep duration
≤ 6 h	1.02 (0.90;1.15)	1.01 (0.89;1.14)	0.99 (0.88;1.12)	1.01 (0.89;1.14)
> 6 - ≤ 8 h	Reference category
> 8 h	0.98 (0.69;1.38)	0.95 (0.66;1.33)	0.93 (0.65;1.31)	0.93 (0.65;1.31)
Insomnia symptoms
No	Reference category
Yes	0.98 (0.84;1.14)	0.96 (0.83;1.12)	0.93 (0.80;1.09)	0.93 (0.79;1.09)
Short sleep + insomnia
No (> 6 - ≤ 8 h and absence of insomnia)	Reference category
Yes	1.01 (0.84;1.21)	0.98 (0.82;1.18)	0.94 (0.78;1.13)	–

Logistic regression analyses (odds ratio and 95% CI). Model 1 = crude model; Model 2 = Model 1 + age + education; Model 3 = Model 2 + physical activity + depression; Model 4 = Model 3 + insomnia or sleep duration

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