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Table 3 Use of artificial intelligence in routine public health activities in European countries in 2019

From: Innovative use of data sources: a cross-sectional study of data linkage and artificial intelligence practices across European countries

Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI)

 

Advanced

N = 5

In progress

N = 9

Not yet

N = 16

European countries

DK, FI, NO, SW, UK-WL

AT, CZ, DE, ES, FR, HR, PL, PT, SK

BE, BG, CY, EE, GR, IE, IT, LT, LU, LV, MT, NL, RO, SL, SRB, UK (ENG, SC)

Level of application of AI

National level

DK, FI, NO, SW, UK- WL

Sub-national level

 

Metropolitan level

DK, SW

Use of classical statistics without the use of AI

 

Advanced

N = 19

In progress

N = 5*

Not yet

N = 8

European countries

BE, BG, CZ, DE, EE, ES, DK, FR, FI, IT, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, SI, SK, SW, UK (ENG, SC, WL)

AT, CZ, ES, HR, SK

CY, GR, IE, LT, LU, LV, RO, SRB

Level of use of classical statistics without AI

National level

BE, BG, CZ, DK, EE, FR, FI, IT, NL, NO, PL, PT, SK, SW, UK- WL

Sub-national level

DE, ES, IT, PL, NO, SI, UK (ENG, SC)

Metropolitan level

DK, MT, NO

  1. *Two countries (CZ & SK) use classical statistic in routine (i.e., advanced) but also developing further this technology (i.e., in progress)