From: Community-based social determinants of three measures of mortality in Rhode Island cities and towns
Measure | Mean | SD | Min | Max | Number missing |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population Health | |||||
 Life expectancy at birth (LE0) | 79.92 | 1.60 | 75.85 | 83.13 | 0 |
 Remaining life expectancy at age 65 (LE65) | 19.99 | 0.93 | 17.59 | 21.92 | 0 |
 Age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) | 896.5 | 89.2 | 722.0 | 1127.6 | 0 |
Demographics | |||||
 % White | 90.9 | 10.0 | 49.1 | 99.5 | 0 |
 % Black | 3.0 | 4.1 | 0.0 | 17.5 | 0 |
 % American Indian/Native Hawaiian | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 1.6 | 0 |
 % Asian | 1.7 | 1.6 | 0.0 | 6.4 | 0 |
 % Other race | 2.2 | 4.7 | 0.0 | 24.3 | 0 |
 % Multiracial | 1.8 | 1.1 | 0.0 | 5.0 | 0 |
 % Hispanic/Latino/a | 8.3 | 18.2 | 0.3 | 87.4 | 0 |
 Black-White Index of Dissimilarity | 41.8 | 15.9 | 9.7 | 72.2 | 5 |
 % of population aged 16+ | 81.7 | 2.9 | 74.6 | 87.0 | 0 |
 % of population aged 65+ | 15.5 | 3.4 | 8.7 | 22.7 | 0 |
 % foreign born | 7.7 | 7.9 | 1.6 | 41.8 | 0 |
 Population density (people per square mile) | 2085 | 3199 | 91 | 16,172 | 0 |
 % of population considered “rural | 27.6 | 36.9 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 0 |
 People per housing unit | 2.2 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 2.7 | 0 |
 % of households headed by married couple | 52.4 | 10.4 | 29.5 | 72.0 | 0 |
 % of family households headed by single female | 10.4 | 4.0 | 3.4 | 21.7 | 0 |
Education | |||||
 % of adults with less than 9th grade education | 4.9 | 5.5 | 0.0 | 30.8 | 0 |
 % of adults with less than high school education | 12.6 | 8.6 | 2.3 | 48.2 | 0 |
 % of adults with at least a high school education | 87.4 | 8.6 | 51.7 | 97.7 | 0 |
 % of adults with at least a bachelor’s degree | 34.3 | 12.8 | 7.4 | 63.4 | 0 |
 % of adults with a graduate degree | 13.5 | 6.6 | 2.0 | 30.7 | 0 |
Economics | |||||
 Median household income ($) | 85,605 | 21,406 | 40,526 | 140,772 | 0 |
 Median home value ($) | 310,062 | 140,488 | 167,600 | 1,000,000 | 0 |
 Median rent ($) | 965 | 178 | 731 | 1403 | 0 |
 Poverty rate | 5.9 | 5.4 | 0.6 | 24.6 | 0 |
 % on public assistance | 7.1 | 6.8 | 0.0 | 30.7 | 0 |
 % unemployed | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0 |
 Gini index | 0.43 | 0.04 | 0.34 | 0.53 | 0 |
 Mean commute time (minutes) | 24.2 | 4.4 | 8.9 | 35.7 | 0 |
Crime rates (per 1000) | |||||
 All violent crimes | 1.45 | 1.76 | 0.00 | 7.33 | 2 |
 Murder and non-negligent manslaughter | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.10 | 2 |
 Forcible rape | 0.16 | 0.18 | 0.00 | 0.72 | 2 |
 Robbery | 0.32 | 0.56 | 0.00 | 2.43 | 2 |
 Aggravated assault | 0.95 | 1.07 | 0.00 | 4.13 | 2 |
 All property crimes | 19.75 | 9.20 | 4.31 | 44.84 | 2 |
 Burglary | 4.06 | 2.46 | 1.23 | 10.84 | 2 |
 Larceny | 14.42 | 6.64 | 2.46 | 33.46 | 2 |
 Motor vehicle theft | 1.28 | 1.55 | 0.00 | 6.54 | 2 |
 Arson | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.00 | 0.49 | 2 |
Environmental and recreational factors | |||||
 Number of Superfund sites | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
 Median age of housing structures | 48.3 | 12.2 | 24.0 | 74.0 | 0 |
 % of households without plumbing | 1.2 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 3.6 | 0 |
 % of land area used for public recreation | 16.9 | 8.8 | 4.3 | 42.6 | 0 |
 Miles of bike lanes per 50 road miles | 1.5 | 1.4 | 0.0 | 4.5 | 0 |
 % living near farmers market | 50.2 | 32.9 | 0.0 | 99.6 | 0 |
 Fast food and convenience stores per square mile | 4.3 | 7.4 | 0.1 | 37.2 | 0 |
 % of population living in food desert | 31.9 | 28.0 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 0 |
 % of total area comprised of water | 20.8 | 23.8 | 1.1 | 91.7 | 0 |
Retirement | |||||
 % of grandparental caregivers who are male | 36.6 | 11.3 | 0.0 | 59.3 | 1 |
 % of grandparents responsible for grandchildren | 29.8 | 20.8 | 0.0 | 78.0 | 1 |
 % of grandparents living in poverty | 7.7 | 17.1 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 1 |
 Mean per capita retirement income ($) | 24,985 | 6387 | 16,111 | 42,238 | 0 |