Incidence, risk factors and consequences of preterm birth – findings from a multi-centric observational study for 14 months in Nepal

Table 2 Multivariate analysis of factors associated with preterm birth (n = 49,898)

Variables	β – coefficient	p-value	aOR (95% CI)
Age of mother
20- < 35 years	Ref
< 20 years	0.234	< 0.001	1.26 (1.15–1.39)
> 35 years	0.180	0.082	1.20 (0.98–1.47)
Education level of mother
Secondary and higher	Ref
Illiterate	0.346	< 0.001	1.41 (1.22–1.64)
Literate	0.186	0.001	1.21 (1.08–1.35)
Basic education	0.152	0.001	1.17 (1.07–1.27)
Parity of mother
Multipara	Ref
Nullipara	0.285	< 0.001	1.33 (1.20–1.48)
Primipara	−0.013	0.812	0.99 (0.89–1.20)
Time of first ANC visit
First trimester	Ref
Second trimester	0.125	0.001	1.13 (1.05–1.22)
Third trimester	0.218	< 0.001	1.24 (1.12–1.38)
ANC visits during pregnancy
≥4 visits	Ref
< 4 visits	0.398	< 0.001	1.49 (1.38–1.61)
Smoking
No	Ref
Yes	0.121	0.035	1.13 (1.01–1.26)
Type fuel
Clean	Ref
Polluted	0.230	< 0.001	1.26 (1.17–1.35)
Severe anaemia
No	Ref
Yes	1.185	< 0.001	3.27 (2.21–4.84)
Multiple delivery
No	Ref
Yes	1.891	< 0.001	6.63 (5.16–8.52)
Sex of the baby
Boy	Ref
Girl	0.164	< 0.001	1.18 (1.11–1.26)
Major malformation
No	Ref
Yes	0.644	0.171	1.90 (0.76–4.78)

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