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Table 1 The characteristics of the study participants in Monduli District in Tanzania, 2020 (n = 510)

From: Prevalence and determinants of hypertension among pastoralists in Monduli District, Arusha region in Tanzania: a cross-sectional study

Variables

Mean ± SD or n (%)

P-value

Overall

Women

Men

n = 510

n = 269

n = 241

Weight (kg)

67.1 ± 14.6

68.5 ± 16.9

65.5 ± 11.7

0.081

Height (cm)

162.9 ± 9

157.9 ± 7.3

168.1 ± 7.2

< 0.001

Waist circumference (cm)

83.8 ± 16.8

85.3 ± 19.1

81.8 ± 13.3

< 0.001

Hips circumference (cm)

97.6 ± 13.2

102.1 ± 16.9

92.6 ± 10.3

< 0.001

Waist hips ratio (WHR)

82.4 ± 14.6

85.3 ± 15.3

79.6 ± 13.2

0.027

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

127.8 ± 18.3

126 ± 18.5

129.6 ± 18.1

0.022

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

78.1 ± 13.6

78.2 ± 12.8

78.1 ± 14.5

0.845

Pulse rate (beats/min)

78.9 ± 20.1

79.9 ± 22.1

77.8 ± 17.6

0.243

Number of meals

2.7 ± 0.5

2.7 ± 0.5

2.7 ± 0.5

0.351

Dietary diversity score (DDS)

4.4 ± 2.1

4.2 ± 2.2

4.4 ± 2.1

0.161

Age (years)

 Median (IQR)

36(52–25)

39(57–25)

34(50–25)

 

 18–29

190(37.3)

94(34.9)

96(39.8)

0.003

 30–39

92(18)

45(16.7)

47(19.5)

 40–59

139(27.2)

67(24.9)

72(29.8)

 Above 60

89(17.5)

63(23.4)

26(10.8)

Educational attainment

 No education

110(21.6)

63(23.4)

47(19.5)

0.393

 Primary education

226(52.2)

136(50.6)

130(53.9)

 O level secondary

20(3.9)

8(2.9)

12(5)

 A level secondary

81(15.9)

47(17.5)

34(14.1)

 College/University

33(6.5)

15(5.6)

18(7.5)

Marital status

 Single

80(15.6)

34(12.6)

46(19.1)

< 0.001

 Married/cohabiting

353(69.2)

172(63.9)

181(75.1)

 Divorced

32(6.7)

23(8.5)

9(3.7)

 Widow

45(8.8)

40(14.8)

5(2.1)

Physical activity (PA)

 Low

225(44.1)

135(49.8)

90(36.9)

0.002

 Moderate

86(16.8)

48(17.8)

38(15.4)

 High

199(39.1)

86(32.3)

113(47.7)

Body mass index (BMI)

 Underweight

42(8.2)

29(10.8)

13(5.4)

< 0.001

 Normal

239(46.8)

80(29.7)

159(65.9)

 Overweight

126(24.7)

63(23.4)

63(26.1)

 Obesity

103(20.2)

97(36.1)

6(2.5)

Abdominal obesity (WHR)

 Normal

317(62.2)

140(52.1)

177(73.4)

< 0.001

 Obesity

193(37.8)

129(47.9)

64(26.6)

Monthly income (Tsh)

 No income

140(27.4)

86(31.9)

54(22.4)

 

  < 50,000

145(28.4)

95(35.3)

50(20.8)

< 0.001

 50,000-200,000

100(19.6)

36(13.4)

64(26.6)

  > 200,000

125(24.5)

52(19.3)

73(30.3)

Smoking

 Ever experience

62(12.2)

12(4.5)

50(20.8)

< 0.001

 Never experience

448(87.8)

257(95.5)

191(79.2)

Alcohol consumption

 Never

354(69.4)

197(73.2)

157(65.2)

0.048

 Occassional

27(5.3)

9(3.3)

18(7.5)

 Frequent

129(25.3)

63(23.4)

66(27.4)

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