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Table 1 Weighted descriptive statistics at baseline, Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, 1998-2007, US

From: Longitudinal analysis of Socioecological obesogenic factors in a National Sample of U.S. children

%(n), Mean(SD)

Variables

Normal

Overweight

Obese

Severely Obese

Total

p-value

n = 855

n = 236

n = 141

n = 32

n = 1264

(67.64%)

(18.67%)

(11.16%)

(2.53%)

(100%)

Dependent variables

Covariates

 1. Individual

  Age

5.25 (0.45)

5.24 (0.46)

5.18 (.40)

5.22 (0.43)

5.24 (0.45)

.42

  Female

50.77% (436)

49.89% (114)

33.40% (57)

56.99% (17)

48.87% (634)

< .05*

  Ethnicity

     

.15

   Non-Hispanic white

78.07% (665)

70.42% (180)

67.49% (106)

74.08% (24)

75.59% (975)

 

   Non-Hispanic black

7.13% (48)

6.15% (15)

6.33% (5)

15.30% (4)

7.05% (72)

 

   Hispanic & Other

14.80% (142)

23.43% (41)

26.18% (30)

10.62% (4)

17.37% (217)

 

  Computer usage

2.30 (0.80)

2.30 (0.92)

2.30 (0.86)

2.33 (0.98)

2.30 (0.83)

.90

  Hours watching TV after dinner

0.69 (0.73)

0.89 (0.87)

0.79 (0.73)

0.84 (0.79)

0.74 (0.76)

.22

2. Parenting capacity

 Parents’ education

     

.47

  Lower than high school

1.93% (20)

2.61% (6)

2.56% (4)

0% (0)

2.08% (30)

 

  High school

19.91% (164)

18.68% (50)

25.31% (41)

29.51% (11)

20.48% (266)

 

  Greater than high school

76.40% (661)

73.98% (173)

70.66% (95)

70.49% (21)

75.27% (950)

 

 Mom’s employment

2.88 (1.25)

3.10 (1.32)

3.09 (1.23)

3.13 (1.23)

2.95 (1.26)

.30

 Parent income

8.69 (2.73)

8.42 (3.32)

7.99 (2.89)

7.38 (2.98)

8.53 (2.87)

< .05*

3. Family Function

 Family structure

82.88% (742)

76.28% (183)

77.26% (116)

70.54% (26)

80.94% (1067)

.20

 Family size with members less than 18 years old

2.42 (0.93)

2.36 (0.99)

2.28 (0.95)

2.28 (1.22)

2.39 (0.95)

.30

 Family TV restriction

86.63% (764)

85.03% (201)

84.54% (125)

96.35% (31)

86.33% (1121)

.66

 Primary caregiver

46.84% (402)

52.97% (123)

48.61% (78)

43.16% (14)

47.97% (617)

.39

 Food security

0.34 (1.37)

0.30 (1.23)

0.37 (1.31)

0.48 (2.20)

0.34 (1.37)

.74

4. School

 School’s ratio of minorities

1.97 (1.24)

1.91 (1.41)

2.01 (1.43)

1.84 (1.41)

1.96 (1.29)

.67

 School free lunch program

23.23 (21.85)

25.72 (22.85)

25.25 (21.57)

35.32 (27.93)

24.23 (22.19)

.21

5. Environment

 Urbanity

     

< .01**

  Large city

22.57% (215)

17.0% (46)

23.17% (34)

17.00% (5)

21.62% (300)

 

  Mid-size city

50.72% (369)

40.07% (93)

37.43% (47)

41.23% (12)

47.34% (521)

 

  Small town and rural

26.71% (271)

42.85% (97)

39.40% (60)

41.77% (15)

31.04% (443)

 
  1. *p < .05; **p < .01
  2. N = 1264; weighted N = 379,297;