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Table 3 Multivariate logistic regression analyses with self-reported depression, major depression symptoms and global depression as the outcome

From: Are normoglycaemic individuals at risk of depression? The depression-dysglycaemic phenotype from a European population-based cross-sectional study

 

Self-reported depression

PHQ-9 major depression (score > 14)

Global depression

Odd’s ratio (95% CI)

p-value

Odd’s ratio (95% CI)

p-value

Odd’s ratio (95% CI)

p-value

Glucose status:

 NGR

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 IFG

1.05 (0.71–1.55)

0.81

1.633 (0.28–9.40)

0.58

0.82 (0.54–1.25)

0.35

 NDM

0.52 (0.21–1.33)

0.18

0.87 (0.60–4.97)

1.00

0.59 (0.23–1.51)

0.27

 KDM

2.36 (1.12–4.96)

0.02

0.95 (0.50–2.39)

1.00

2.16 (0.97–4.80)

0.06

Adjusted Cofounding factors:

 Femalea

1.85 (1.26–2.71)

< 0.01

1.59 (0.45–5.56)

0.47

1.61 (1.07–2.43)

0.02

 Age (years)

0.99 (0.98–1.01)

0.48

0.90 (0.85–0.95)

< 0.01

1.00 (0.98–1.01)

0.64

 BMI (Kg/m2)

1.00 (0.97–1.03)

0.81

1.06 (0.98–1.14)

0.13

1.00 (0.97–1.03)

0.99

 FBG (mmol/L)

1.03 (0.92–1.15)

0.62

1.31 (0.26–6.44)

0.74

1.03 (0.92–1.15)

0.59

 LDL-C (mmol/L)

0.64 (0.18–2.24)

0.49

0.36 (0.01–18.43)

0.77

0.72 (0.23–2.29)

0.58

 HDL-C (mmol/L)

0.36 (0.10–1.26)

0.11

0.27 (0.01–48.54)

0.71

0.40 (0.12–1.31)

0.13

 Triglycerides (mmol/L)

0.70 (0.41–1.19)

0.19

0.49 (0.02–10.77)

0.65

0.73 (0.44–1.20)

0.21

 Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

2.15 (0.63–7.34)

0.22

3.12 (0.01–44.34)

0.75

2.04 (0.66–6.33)

0.22

Education in years

  < =10 years

1.90 (1.05–3.45)

0.04

0.37 (0.22–13.98)

1.00

1.74 (0.93–3.29)

0.09

 11–13 years

1.73 (1.08–2.77)

0.02

0.61 (0.44–25.88)

1.00

1.62 (0.98–2.66)

0.06

  > =14 years

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Current smoking

1.99 (1.42–2.79)

< 0.01

1.97 (0.70–5.53)

0.20

1.99 (1.38–2.85)

< 0.01

Occupation

 Employed

0.71 (0.45–1.11)

0.13

0.20 (0.06–0.71)

0.01

0.75 (0.46–1.23)

0.26

 Unemployed

1.90 (0.65–5.52)

0.24

3.72 (0.56–24.81)

0.18

1.14 (0.31–4.21)

0.84

 Student

0.24 (0.05–1.11)

0.07

1.45 (0.23–7.89)

1.00

0.33 (0.07–1.58)

0.17

 Retired

1.18 (0.70–1.97)

0.54

1.08 (0.18–6.64)

0.93

1.20 (0.69–2.10)

0.53

 Domestic work

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

Medical history

 Coronary heart diseaseb

2.90 (1.35–6.21)

< 0.01

1.20 (0.45–13.67)

1.00

3.43 (1.56–7.53)

< 0.01

 Myocardial infarctionc

0.75 (0.29–1.93)

0.55

1.78 (0.98–16.98)

1.00

0.80 (0.31–2.09)

0.65

 Stroked

3.03 (1.13–8.09)

0.03

1.29 (0.67–18.32)

1.00

3.42 (1.19–9.84)

0.02

 Hypertensione

1.44 (1.00–2.06)

0.05

1.06 (0.33–3.36)

0.92

1.31 (0.89–1.93)

0.17

 Anti-depression treatmentf

1.12 (0.74–1.70)

0.59

0.47 (0.15–1.42)

0.18

1.38 (0.60–15.89)

1.00

  1. NGR Normoglycaemia
  2. IFG Impaired fasting glucose
  3. NDM Newly diagnosed diabetes
  4. KDM Known diabetes
  5. aMale as reference
  6. b No history coronary heart disease as the reference category
  7. c No history myocardial infarction as the reference category
  8. d No history stroke history as the reference category
  9. e No history of hypertension as the reference category
  10. f No history of anti-depression treatment as the reference category
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