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Table 2 Relationship between correlates and antenatal care utilization in sub-Saharan Africa using Demographic and Health Surveys 2010–2018

From: Correlates of antenatal care utilization among women of reproductive age in sub-Saharan Africa: evidence from multinomial analysis of demographic and health surveys (2010–2018) from 31 countries

Variable

Antenatal care utilization

Not utilized

Partially utilized

Adequately utilized

Total

p-value

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

 

29,892 (12.7)

81,058 (34.5)

124,256 (52.8)

235,207 (100.0)

 

Age

 15–24

8389 (11.8)

25,492 (35.9)

37,103 (52.3)

70,984 (100.0)

 

 25–34

13,186 (12.3)

36,174 (33.8)

57,769 (53.9)

107,129 (100.0)

 

 35+

8317 (14.6)

19,393 (34.0)

29,384 (51.4)

57,094 (100.0)

< 0.001

Education

 None

20,445 (22.4)

35,831 (39.2)

35,008 (38.4)

91,284 (100.0)

 

 Primary

5912 (7.5)

30,126 (38.2)

42,915 (54.3)

78,953 (100.0)

 

 Secondary/higher

3535 (5.4)

15,102 (23.2)

46,333 (71.3)

64,970 (100.0)

< 0.001

Household wealth index

 Poorest

11,989 (20.8)

21,551 (37.3)

24,212 (41.9)

57,752 (100.0)

 

 Poorer

7291 (14.4)

18,856 (37.1)

24,662 (48.5)

50,809 (100.0)

 

 Middle

5034 (10.9)

16,656 (36.0)

24,568 (53.1)

46,258 (100.0)

 

 Richer

3725 (8.8)

13,827 (32.7)

24,763 (58.5)

42,313 (100.0)

 

 Richest

1853 (4.9)

10,169 (26.7)

26,051 (68.4)

38,073 (100.0)

< 0.001

Residence

 Urban

5302 (7.1)

20,376 (27.5)

48,565 (65.4)

74,243 (100.0)

 

 Rural

24,590 (15.3)

60,683 (37.7)

75,691 (47.0)

160,964 (100.0)

< 0.001

Employment

 Not working

14,176 (16.6)

28,314 (33.2)

42,803 (50.2)

85,293 (100.0)

 

 Working

15,089 (10.6)

49,599 (35.0)

77,204 (54.4)

141,892 (100.0)

< 0.001

Media exposure

 Not exposed

18,118 (22.1)

30,527 (37.2)

33,368 (40.7)

82,013 (100.0)

 

 Exposed

11,652 (7.6)

50,399 (33.0)

90,703 (59.4)

152,754 (100.0)

< 0.001

Parity

 1

4314 (8.9)

15,290 (31.7)

28,669 (59.4)

48,273 (100.0)

 

 2

4631 (10.6)

14,396 (32.9)

24,724 (56.5)

43,751 (100.0)

 

 3

4291 (11.6)

12,496 (33.8)

20,143 (54.5)

36,930 (100.0)

 

 4

3993 (13.2)

10,446 (34.6)

15,751 (52.2)

30,190 (100.0)

 

 5+

12,663 (16.7)

28,431 (37.4)

34,969 (45.9)

76,063 (100.0)

< 0.001

Getting permission to use health service

 A problem

8265 (20.6)

14,021 (34.9)

17,866 (44.5)

40,152 (100.0)

 

 Not a problem

17,402 (10.0)

60,604 (34.7)

96,462 (55.3)

174,468 (100.0)

< 0.001

Distance to health facility

 A problem

14,437 (16.4)

32,420 (36.9)

40,961 (46.7)

87,818 (100.0)

 

 Not a problem

11,235 (8.9)

42,204 (33.2)

73,368 (57.9)

126,807 (100.0)

< 0.001

Not willing to go to health facility alone

 A problem

8970 (18.7)

17,144 (35.7)

21,964 (45.6)

48,078 (100.0)3

 

 Not a problem

16,698 (10.0)

57,478 (34.5)

92,358 (55.5)

166,534 (100.0)

< 0.001