Table 3 Time-varying Cox proportional hazards models of weight change for metabolic syndrome: a 16-year prospective cohort study in South Korea

WF

1.01 (0.98–1.04)

0.569

1.00 (0.98–1.02)

0.726

Age at baseline

1.04 (1.03–1.04)

< 0.001

1.02 (1.01–1.02)

< 0.001

Sex

Male

1

1

Female

1.11 (0.92–1.34)

0.266

0.83 (0.71–0.97)

0.021

Education

Elementary school (from 1st to 6th grade)

1

1

Middle school (from 7th to 9th grade)

0.88 (0.75–1.03)

0.100

0.80 (0.70–0.91)

0.001

High school (from 10th to 11th grade)

0.69 (0.59–0.82)

< 0.001

0.75 (0.65–0.86)

< 0.001

Junior college

0.67 (0.47–0.95)

0.023

0.69 (0.52–0.91)

0.014

University

0.63 (0.50–0.81)

0.003

0.64 (0.53–0.78)

< 0.001

Marital status

Divorced/widowed/single

1

1

Married/cohabiting

0.86 (0.72–1.03)

0.028

0.98 (0.84–1.15)

0.833

Monthly income (10,000 won)

< 100

1

1

100–200

0.72 (0.62–0.83)

< 0.001

0.87 (0.77–0.98)

0.019

200–300

0.63 (0.52–0.76)

< 0.001

0.68 (0.59–0.8)

< 0.001

300–400

0.60 (0.48–0.76)

< 0.001

0.59 (0.49–0.72)

< 0.001

≥400

0.59 (0.45–0.77)

0.001

0.61 (0.5–0.74)

< 0.001

Drinking

Never drinker

1

1

Ex-drinker

0.98 (0.76–1.25)

0.857

0.97 (0.8–1.18)

0.746

Current drinker

0.95 (0.83–1.09)

0.435

0.93 (0.83–1.04)

0.177

Smoking

Never smoker

1

1

Ex-smoker

1.20 (0.97–1.49)

0.091

0.95 (0.80–1.13)

0.555

Current smoker

1.77 (1.47–2.14)

< 0.001

1.33 (1.14–1.55)

0.003