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Table 3 Factors behind the inappropriate parental behaviors of the mothers (at the time of the health check-up at 18 months Old)

From: Incidence of and improvement in inappropriate parental behaviors of mothers with young children: a retrospective cohort study conducted in collaboration with a local government

Factorsd

Inappropriate parental behaviors at the time of the health check-up at 18 monthsa

Univariate analysisc

Logistic regression

Yes

No

ORb

95% CI

P value

aORb

95% CI

P value

N = 114

%

N = 468

%

Child’s sex

 Male

61

19.8

247

80.2

1.03

0.68–1.55

0.89

   

 Female

53

19.3

221

80.7

1.00

     

Order of birth

 First child

64

23.5

208

76.5

1.60

1.06–2.42

0.03*

1.66

1.08–2.55

0.02*

 Second or later

50

16.1

260

83.9

1.00

  

1.00

  

Single or multiple birth

 Single

114

19.8

463

80.2

  

0.59

   

 Multiple

0

0.0

5

100.0

      

Gestational age at birth

 Less than 37 weeks

5

19.2

21

80.8

0.98

0.36–2.65

0.96

   

 37 weeks or more

109

19.6

447

80.4

1.00

     

Birth weight

 Less than 2500 g

9

20.9

34

79.1

1.09

0.51–2.35

0.81

   

 2500 g or more

105

19.5

434

80.5

1.00

     

Father’s age

 Younger than 30

32

21.1

120

78.9

1.16

0.73–1.84

0.53

   

 30 or older

79

18.7

343

81.3

1.00

     

Mother’s age

 Younger than 30

47

20.5

182

79.5

1.10

0.73–1.67

0.65

   

 30 or older

67

19.0

286

81.0

1.00

     

Mother’s employment

 Employed

52

17.1

252

82.9

0.73

0.48–1.11

0.14

   

 Not employed

57

22.1

201

77.9

1.00

     

Feelings in relation to the pregnancy

 Happy

72

17.3

343

82.7

1.00

  

1.00

  

 Unexpected or others

42

25.3

124

74.1

1.61

1.05–2.49

0.03*

1.37

0.87–2.17

0.18

Mother’s health

 Good

73

17.2

351

82.8

1.00

  

1.00

  

 Easily tired or others

41

25.9

117

74.1

1.69

1.09–2.61

0.02*

1.37

0.83–2.27

0.21

Mother’s feelings

 Good

85

17.5

400

82.5

1.00

  

1.00

  

 Not good, neutral

29

29.9

68

70.1

2.01

1.23–3.29

0.01**

1.41

0.80–2.50

0.24

Family composition

 Nuclear family

96

20.2

380

79.8

1.24

0.71–2.15

0.46

   

 Extended family

18

17.0

88

83.0

1.00

     

Interpersonal problems at home

 Yes

28

30.4

64

69.6

2.07

1.25–3.43

0.01**

1.73

1.02–2.95

0.04*

 No

84

17.4

398

82.6

1.00

  

1.00

  

Financial problems at home

 Yes

19

31.7

41

68.3

2.10

1.17–3.78

0.01**

1.50

0.81–2.80

0.20

 No

93

18.1

421

81.9

1.00

  

1.00

  
  1. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01
  2. aFor some items, the total does not add up to the number in the top row due to missing data
  3. bOR odds ratio, aOR adjusted odds ratio
  4. cAnalysed using a chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test
  5. dSurvey items were collected from the health check-up files for 4 months