From: Health-related quality of life of multiple sclerosis patients: a European multi-country study
 | Total (n = 182) | The Netherlands (n = 88) | France (n = 58) | The United Kingdom (n = 15) | Spain (n = 10) | Elsewhere (n = 11) | P-value a |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MSQOL-54 | |||||||
Physical health composite score, mean (SD) | 42.54 (17.15) | 42.07 (16.72) | 42.14 (16.73) | 31.89 (15.18) | 55.65 (16.98) | 49.97 (17.61) | 0.017I |
 Physical function | 54.86 (30.63) | 49.55 (29.43) | 63.85 (30.35) | 28.74 (26.65) | 72.00 (18.74) | 70.00 (24.49) | < 0.000II |
 Health perception | 38.8 (22.56) | 38.42 (24.19) | 35.93 (18.73) | 34.53 (18.59) | 54.17 (22.62) | 48.75 (27.48) | 0.177 |
 Energy/ fatigue | 35.88 (19.86) | 38.95 (20.79) | 30.41 (17.51) | 27.47 (12.18) | 44.20 (21.05) | 44.00 (22.77) | 0.022 |
 Role limitations – physical | 30.77 (37.35) | 26.04 (34.06) | 35.06 (39.70) | 16.67 (30.86) | 60.00 (44.41) | 38.64 (39.31) | 0.043III |
 Pain | 65.81 (25.7) | 68.22 (25.48) | 63.16 (26.08) | 53.89 (30.1) | 72.00 (15.03) | 71.06 (24.18) | 0.388 |
 Sexual function combined | 65.89 (27.13) | 70.17 (26.65) | 60.49 (24.76) | 49.4 (32.44) | 76.67 (26.88) | 71.22 (26.45) | 0.013 |
 Sexual function male | 65.57 (29.27) | 63.34 (30.64) | 68.53 (26.61) | 47.23 (41.12) | 80.56 (26.79) | 75.01 (25.00) | 0.769 |
 Sexual function female | 65.97 (26.64) | 72.19 (25.26) | 59.01 (24.41) | 50 (32.06) | 75.00 (28.87) | 69.80 (28.50) | 0.008IV |
 Health distress | 54.95 (24.59) | 56.33 (24.56) | 50.34 (24.88) | 53 (22.82) | 69.50 (28.03) | 57.73 (19.02) | 0.251 |
Mental health composite score, mean (SD) | 58.26 (21.48) | 62.15 (19.89) | 51.93 (22.34) | 54.98 (23.1) | 65.98 (25.00) | 57.64 (17.83) | 0.060V |
 Health distress | 54.95 (24.59) | 56.33 (24.56) | 50.34 (24.88) | 53 (22.82) | 69.50 (28.03) | 57.73 (19.02) | 0.251 |
 Overall quality of life | 58.51 (19.06) | 60.98 (18.48) | 55.83 (20.07) | 48.11 (19.05) | 64.08 (14.94) | 61.29 (17.08) | 0.082 |
 Emotional well-being | 62.53 (21.01) | 68.09 (18.45) | 53.36 (22.06) | 60 (22.32) | 66.00 (24.96) | 66.64 (13.84) | 0.003VI |
 Role limitations – emotional | 57.04 (43.51) | 63.22 (42.54) | 47.95 (42.73) | 53.33 (46.80) | 70.00 (42.89) | 48.48 (47.99) | 0.195 |
 Cognitive function | 54.52 (24.85) | 56.19 (24.06) | 51.18 (23.85) | 58.00 (32.34) | 58.50 (23.46) | 50.45 (28.24) | 0.610 |
Change in health | 44.23 (26.29) | 47.16 (29.47) | 43.97 (23.09) | 31.67 (19.97) | 52.5 (27.51) | 31.82 (11.68) | 0.079 |
Satisfaction with sexual function | 52.63 (33.47) | 51.42 (36.03) | 51.29 (28.65) | 40.38 (36.14) | 72.5 (34.26) | 65.91 (25.67) | 0.121 |
SF-36 | |||||||
 Physical composite scale, mean (SD) | 46.82 (22.60) | 44.71 (21.25) | 48.56 (22.30) | 32.90 (19.38) | 65.10 (22.34) | 56.9 (26.05) | 0.007VII |
 Mental composite scale, mean (SD) | 53.11 (22.45) | 57.02 (21.09) | 46.40 (22.57) | 44.54 (22.23) | 65.69 (25.22) | 57.25 (20.17) | 0.016VIII |