Table 3 Multilevel logistic regression analysis of individual and community level factors associated with childhood diarrhea in Ethiopia, 2016

   Male

1

1

   Female

0.835(0.749, 0.931)*

0.835(0.749,0.931)*

   0–1

1

1

   2–3

0.915(0.765, 1.095)

0.901(0.753,1.078)

   4–5

3.213(2.610,3.955)

3.166(2.569,3.900)*

  first order

1

  2–4

1.214(1.030,1.432)*

1.211(1.026,1.429)*

  five and above

2.238(1.743,2.874)

2.210(1.721,2.839)*

  Single birth

1

1

  Multiple birth

1.904(1.410,2.572)*

1.871(1.390,2.527)*

 Child vaccination

  Yes

1

1

  No

1.197(1.012,1.415)*

1.207(1.190,1.527)*

  Larger than average

1

  Average

0.870(0.761,0.994)*

0.871(0.761,0.996)*

  Smaller than average

1.328(1.154,1.529)*

1.303(1.130,1.504)*

 Ever breastfed, not currently breastfeeding

1

1

  Never breastfed

2.874(2.350,3.516)*

2.914(2.380,3.567)*

  Still breastfeeding

1.189(0.998,1.417)

1.151(0.965,1.373)

  15–24

1

1

1

  25–34

0.850(0.726,0.994)*

0.872(0.744,1.022)

  35–49

0.675(0.537,0.848)*

0.690(0.547,0.871)*

  No education

1

1

1

  Primary

0.981(0.847,1.136)

0.987(0.852,1.145)

  Secondary and above

0.715(0.561,0.913)*

0.776(0.604,0.996)*

  less than 4

1

1

1

  greater than four

0.787(0.682,0.909)*

0.783(0.678,0.905)*

  No

1

1

1

  Yes

1.136(1.001,1.289)*

1.163(1.023,1.322)*

  No education

1

1

  Primary

0.574 (0.528, 0.623)*

0.563 (0.502, 0.632)*

  Secondary and above

0.403 (0.363, 0.448)*

0.394 (0.364, 0.427)*

  3 or less

1

1

  4 and above

0.525(0.435,0.634)*

0.526(0.436,0.636)*

  Urban

1

  Rural

1.321(1.033,1.689)*

1.505(1.233,1.836)*

  Tigray

1

1

  Afar

1.195(1.130, 1.902)*

1.205(0.924,1.571)*

  Amhara

1.753(1.370, 2.246)*

1.493(1.161,1.921)*

  Oromia

1.212(0.952, 1.543)

1.187(0.928,1.518)

  Somali

1.339(1.048, 1.709)*

1.238(0.965,1.587)

  Benishangul-Gumuz

1.363(1.043, 1.782)*

1.357(1.031,1.787)*

  SNNPR

1.443(1.130, 1.844)*

1.609(1.251,2.070)*

  Gambela

1.203(0.911, 1.587)

1.432(1.078,1.902)*

  Harari

1.040(0.768, 1.409)

1.086(0.797,1.480)

  Addis Adaba

0.597(0.418, 0.851)*

0.737(0.513,1.059)

  Dire Dawa

1.839(1.358, 2.489)*

1.722(1.265,2.342)*

  Protected

1

  Unprotected

1.414(1.170, 1.709)*

1.289(1.060, 1.567)*

  Yes

  No

1.454(1.221,1.371)*

1.476(1.239,1.759)*